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In Bantam on November 20, a council meeting was held in the trading post. They discussed the ship "Proventie" which was heading back to the homeland. Because ships from Governor Gent's fleet were encountered in the Strait of Sunda, they decided the Proventie should wait until Wednesday, November 24. The ship only had 2 ropes, which was not enough for the journey home. Since there was a suitable rope at the English trading post, they decided to purchase it.
Since Governor General Gent had not yet arrived and daily matters needed attention, Jaques l'Hermite de Jonge, merchant at the trading post, would call future council meetings. Heindrick van Westerech would also join these meetings.
Since the ships needed a large quantity of arrack (alcohol) and there was little stock in Jaratra, merchant Pieter Aelmern from the ship "White Lion" would go there to buy and distill as much as possible.
They also decided that while the ships were docked, they would serve chicken twice a week, with 3 chickens per group of 7 men, to save other ship provisions.
On November 22, 1610, another meeting was held. The English rope was inspected and approved for purchase. The ship Proventie, being low on meat and wine, would receive supplies from other ships: one barrel of meat and half a container of Spanish wine from the "Black Lion", half a container of wine from the "White Lion", and one barrel of meat from the ships "Orange" and "Vlissingen".
Three sailors from the "Great Sun" were allowed to return home on the Proventie, as they had served more than their one-year term. Due to problems with drunkenness, they decided to limit shore leave to only 4 or 5 men per ship per day, and only for necessary business.
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View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.05.01.01 / 68 / 1310 On February 13, a ship arrived in Amboina from Macassar carrying a Scottish-Portuguese trader named Wilherme George de Schorcia. He was born in Scotland and had been married in Goa for 27 years. He came from Malacca with various cloth goods to trade.
The Dutch authorities detained him outside the castle and seized his goods because they suspected him of being a spy rather than a regular merchant. They found a letter from Admiral Michel Soze de Pymantel of Goa mentioning secret letters from the King of Spain. De Schorcia was sent to the Governor General on the ship White Lion on April 4.
Two men from Malacca were also on the ship pretending to be Malays. One was named Lauwgeus Missita, who was identified as a spy for the Governor of Malacca. The local people of Hitu helped hide these men before they could be captured.
Captain of Hitu visited the castle in April and was treated well. He was given some helmets from the ship Banda.
On March 27, the ship Banda arrived with Commander Riael, bringing:
In April, two Dutchmen were sent away: Wrouwter Sumonssen, who was banished to work at the castle for 3 years, and Heerben Thijbussen, a soldier from Groeningen. A black man named Anthoni Rodrugo, whose nose and ears had been cut off by the Portuguese, was also sent away.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 1053 / 1197 In Masulipatam, Samuel-Kindt was given responsibilities by the Council. The Customs Officer of Surat reported about Company goods that belonged to the late David van Seijnsz.
At Paliacatta's Fort Geldria, justice was administered. Willem Herrington, a sailor, was hanged for crimes committed on the ship Der Goes. Michiel de Hammk and Francisco Jalavan, both soldiers, were executed by firing squad - Michiel for escaping the fortress at night and Francisco for allowing this while on guard duty.
An agreement was made with local leaders in Paliacatta allowing Dutch men to marry local women if the women converted to Christianity. Five marriages took place:
More officers wanted to marry but lacked the required salary payment. A preacher was needed for the community. The last letter from Cornelis de Heda in Vijapur was dated January 22. He was highly regarded by the King of Vijapur and had requested a compass book, magnet, and pistols.
595 packages of indigo, cotton yarn, and cloth were shipped to the homeland via the ships Swarten Leeuw and Serveer. Another 896 packages were sent to the Moluccas, Java, and India, along with ropes, containers of butter, and nails.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 1057 / 0282 On March 21, 1671, Jan Daniels, a merchant from Amsterdam, showed documents about a small ship he owned. The ship was captained by Henrick Thiessen from Hamburg in 1659. When coming from the Baltic Sea, it was ordered to Copenhagen by the King of Denmark. The captain was promised 303 riksdaler with 6% interest.
On March 25, 1671, Dirck Joppen Swart, a skipper from Rotterdam, commanded a ship called the White Lion. The ship was used by Johan de Witt, who was an ambassador to the Kings of Denmark and Poland, to transport his baggage, carriages, and horses. Swart requested payment for this service.
Coenraet van Heussen and Paul Griffon, citizens and merchants from Amsterdam, had an issue regarding their brandy shipments. This matter was discussed on March 25, 1671.
In Embden, there was a change in military command. Sjalling van Sixma was dismissed and replaced by Arent Ludolph van Gockinga as commander. This change was discussed on March 18, 1671, and further examined on March 25, 1671.
The States had been discussing military ranks between high and subordinate officers of the State's military since April 21, 1668. The Council of State formed an opinion after hearing from field marshals and other chief officers. This was expanded slightly and sent to the provinces on May 9, 1668, but the provinces did not fully agree on all points.
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View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.01.02 / 34 / 0295 In June a small English ship arrived in the Bellasoor river. The English have been quiet in trade, with two damaged ships in the docks at Bellazoor. The Dutch received 8 ships from Batavia for transporting cargo: the fluyt ships Sparrendam, Opperdoes, Cecilia, the Golden Lion, White Lion, and the yachts Zuylen, Vliegh, and fluyt Leerdam. The first three were destined for the homeland, and the last for sugar transport to Persia.
Two yachts, Purmerland and Lontsmeer, were sent from Batavia to Decca at the request of Nawab Cha-estachan to fight against the Arakanese. They arrived in the Settegam river. However, since the Persian king was reportedly marching to wage war against this monarch, most forces from Decca were recalled.
On the 15th, the fluyt Golden Lion was dispatched to Batavia with cargo including:
The total value of the cargo was 242,829 guilders. There are concerns about trade with Japan, which only yielded a 50% return the previous year. The company currently holds capital of 644,000 guilders in Cassumabazaar and Pattena. They received 62 chests of Japanese silver from Batavia to pay off interest debts.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 1264 / 0832 On November 24, 1640, in Bantam, the ship Provintien encountered 4 ships from the fleet of Governor Pieter de Bott in the Strait of Sunda. These ships were the White Lion, Black Lion, Orange and Vlissingen.
The Governor and other ships had not appeared yet, as they were separated by storms near Cape of Good Hope. Some ships stopped at Madagascar and the Mayottes due to sick crew members. There were concerns about the Governor's ship's main mast being damaged.
The Governor's presence was urgently needed for several matters, especially sending a ship to the Coromandel Coast. Since all letters and instructions were sealed for the Governor, no decisions could be made in his absence.
On November 16, a boat arrived from Ambon with news about 4 ships that sailed to the Manila area with Admiral Wittert. Two ships, the Amsterdam and Valck, captured 12 Spanish vessels. The Arem was burned, while the Pauw and a boat escaped. Admiral Wittert was killed in battle.
Admiral van Caerden was captured for the second time in Ternate, along with the yacht Good Hope. The yacht Hasewin returned from Greece where business was reasonably good, though the merchant was very ill and mentally unfit for service.
The letter was signed by Jacq Gernnte de Jonghe.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 1053 / 0295 On March 6, 1612, following a peace treaty with the Bandanese on August 20, Governor General Pieter Both left on September 8, 1611 with 3 ships and a sloop for Ambon and Ternate. Nicolaes Prins was appointed governor of both forts in Banda.
The forts were in poor condition with 8 breaches in the walls. They started rebuilding using limestone, making walls 6 feet thick at some points. The fort walls needed continuous repair as temporary fixes with coconut tree barriers only lasted 1.5-2 years.
The needs of the forts included:
Local coconut fiber fuses cost 1 real per 60 fathoms but were inferior to Dutch fuses costing 10 florins per hundred. Proper documentation was needed for all shipments as items often went missing.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 1053 / 1279 On September 27, Claes Outgersz Smit, a ship's captain, died of flu and was replaced by Dirck Merts. On August 4, several ships arrived from the Moluccas with healthy crews. On October 7, another vessel arrived at Bantam carrying letters for Governor General Reijnst. The text describes two tragic events:
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 1057 / 0037 In Bengal, on November 6, ships carrying cargo worth 376,458 guilders were sent to Batavia. The ship Kaneelboom appears to have been wrecked, as pieces of a European ship washed up on the coast in December, including parts of an office containing letters. At Orixa on November 18, a severe storm caused 3 Moorish ships to sink. Similar storms at Masulipatnam had caused local ships to be stranded and broken.
Japanese and Malaccan reports indicated that Hoogkalpel and the small ship Vredenburg, which had sailed from Batavia via Tonquin to Japan, met with disaster. The Vredenburg, carrying cargo worth 120,000 guilders, caught fire near Siamon island and sank with 16 men, while 20 others escaped by boat to Lijgoor.
According to reports, chief Sivasji raided the city of Suratta again on October 13. The English, with about 100 white men, suffered an attack and lost 2 men. The French were in negotiations with Sivasji, and the Dutch and English also attempted negotiations but hadn't yet resolved the matter due to monetary demands. Although Sivasji withdrew from the city the day after the attack, there were still fears on October 16 of a second, more severe plundering.
The text also mentions good rainfall along the coast during this season, resulting in successful rice crops. Bengal had reasonable rice prices and was expected to supply Ceylon with grain that year through Moorish equipment.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 1284 / 0219 On November 14, 1639, several important decisions were made about ships and military preparations. Ships were ordered to be loaded with sugar, including the ships White Lion, Prince Tertoolen, Lamb Hendrick, Unity, Hope, and others. The colonel was instructed to keep his garrisons ready, and Major Idiccard had to prepare his company. Sick troops were to be sent to Camarica.
Albert Gerritsz was ordered to speed up transport of supplies to Cape Francisco. Colonel Ionckers had to alert the Brazilians to be ready to move when ordered. Director Albertj was to secure supplies in Paraiba, while Commander Ernst van Bare and Commander P. van Bijler at Rio were told to stay alert.
The White Lion was ordered to keep provisions including:
Two ships arrived: the Stockfish from Amsterdam (sailed July 26) and the Gout Kas from Groningen. The Gout Kas had been in a battle with three Turkish ships, losing its captain and 9 crew members.
Jacob Onziel and Harman Vlinck were appointed as commissioners of the private goods warehouse. The Sijara yacht was to be sent with letters to Commander Willem Corneliszoon, equipped with 4 guns and 12 muskets.
Francisco de Barros Reque, a prisoner from Rio Francisco, was to be sent to the West Indies on the next ship because of suspicious behavior and claims about his service to the king.
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View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.05.01.01 / 68 / 0757 On August 13, 1640, several appointments were made to ships:
Other decisions made:
On August 16, 1640, Abraham Jacobsz Wisse requested payment for his monthly wages after delivering gold from Guinea and sugar from Brasil. His request was granted.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.05.01.01 / 24 / 0093 On 15 March 1636, a court decision was made by Commissioned Councilors of Holland and West Friesland regarding tax payments on vinegar. Jan Hillebrant's wife sought payment for her husband who had sailed to New Netherland as a free man, working as a carpenter for 20 guilders per month.
Dirck Jorissen, former helmsman on the ship St. Doratus, who was left behind in Ceralione, requested payment based on a ruling made on 20 October 1636.
Jan Simonsen from Midlij, captain of a new fluyt ship called "de waterkont," reported damage caused by the White Lion ship, estimated at 200 guilders plus compensation for lost time.
Captain Samuel Axe requested his goods from New Netherland, subject to Company rights and payment of assignments from Wouter van Kwiller.
Several payment requests were discussed:
On 27 October 1636, the Chamber of Groeningen requested to sell their Guinea hides for 30 stuivers each, as advised by the trade commissioners, due to their urgent need for money.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.05.01.01 / 14 / 0394 On July 17, 1612, Cornelis Claesz was praised as an excellent ship captain who took good care of his vessels. The ship Black Lion had to stop for repairs after losing its masts.
On January 13, the ship Rotterdam arrived under commander Steven Doens, with Adriaen Block Maertsz as fleet commander. War ships successfully reached Ternate.
The English were increasing their presence in the Moluccas, Amboyna, Banda, and other areas, which would cause problems for Dutch interests. An English ship was reported in Batsian with Mr. Sayersz as commander. Cornelis van Neck, a merchant from the Magellanic Company, visited this ship along with a brother of Quinela Sabadijn, who was an ambassador for the King of Ternate.
In Cambelle, there was conflict when a Quipattij (local chief) was driven away by his people about 1½ years ago due to his greed and overreaching authority. After failed attempts at revenge, he eventually submitted to the governor and the Dutch for help. All local chiefs came to Cambelle to resolve the dispute, which led to a peace agreement that lasted two days.
The price of cloves was set at 50 per Bhar, though this caused some discontent among local inhabitants. The English traders were well-supplied with cloth but short on money. There were outstanding debts of over 80 Portuguese Bhar.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 1057 / 0247 On March 5, August 7, and August 16, 1601, several ships arrived including the ship Delft. They received three letters addressed to the company dated December 15, 1612, May 31, 1613, and February 1, 1614. Another letter was dated May 31, 1613.
The ships called "Wapen van Amsterdam" and "Vlissingen" arrived safely, but unfortunately the ships "Bantam" and "Witte Leeuw" were lost with their cargo. They hope for better luck with the ships "Zwarte Leeuw" and "Veer".
The yacht "Neptunus" arrived after 16 months at sea, having lost 47 men. It got separated from the yacht "St. Aolus" after passing the Cape, apparently due to disagreements between their crews. The "Neptunus" stopped at St. Lucia where the crew recovered from their poor condition. They have no news of the "Aolus".
Hans de Hase brought closed books from Moluccas, Ambon, Banda, Solor, Boutton, Gressi and Sapara. These were incorporated into the general ledger. The remaining goods, cash, and outstanding debts amount to 3,255,447 guilders. The ammunition costs amount to 174,289 guilders.
They are concerned about General Reynst's fleet, which hasn't arrived yet, presumably due to unfavorable southeast winds. They expect the fleet and the "Aolus" to arrive in October and November with the northwest monsoon. They urgently need cash to pay for pepper tolls.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 1057 / 0069 In Macassar, cloves were sold at 155 bahar by the Spanish who brought them from Manuel. Where the cloves grew, they had to be paid for at 66 bahar. In Malacca, cloves were sold this year for 80, 85, and 90 bahar, while previously they cost 190 bahar when bought for 60 bahar elsewhere.
A new trading post was being built in Hittoe because the old building was no longer habitable. The same would need to happen in Combelle to protect the company's goods. The house in Louwa was renovated to last longer.
On July 15, 1612, a letter was sent from the trading post in Louwa. Governor Jasper Janssen de Jonge sent a Dutch merchant with a junk to Bantam to deliver letters.
On November 4, 1612, the ship Swarten Leuw had to make an emergency stop because it was mastless. Captain Cornelis Claesselos had to repair it. On January 13, the ship Rotterdam arrived, commanded by Steven Doensen.
In Batsian, Mr. Saijerssen was anchored near the fort with a ship. Cornelis van Neck, a merchant from the Magellan Company, came aboard with a Telolij brother of Quemela Sabedijn, who was acting as an ambassador for the King of Ternaaten.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 1056 / 0147 The peace agreement (truce) made by the Governor General with the Bandanese had been maintained, though the main leaders from Pulo Way and Pulo Run had never visited the castle. The Bandanese were waiting for English ships and might break the peace after the ship White Lion departed. A fort was needed on Pulo Way since the existing castles were in a valley with limited visibility. A frigate was also needed to patrol the islands day and night to maintain control over the Bandanese.
Many foreign junks had visited, mostly going to Pulo Way and other places. The Bandanese were allowed under the truce to harvest and sell fruits, though they used slaves to do this work. The leaders still seemed fearful due to what happened to Admiral Verhoeven.
On January 7, Lieutenant Gisbrecht van Vijanen and Barthelmeus Florissen arrived from Amboina with orders regarding the White Lion ship. Three ships had arrived at Gresick on December 10, commanded by Brouwer, heading to the Moluccas.
They captured a junk from Macassar carrying Portuguese traders from Malacca who were trying to trade cloth for nutmeg and mace. The captured goods and traders were taken to the castle.
The ship Arms of Amsterdam was loaded with:
Construction work continued at the castle, including two lime kilns and repairs to 8 breaches in the walls. Pieter Basuet, the chief merchant at Castle Nassau, had requested to be relieved as his term had expired.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 1053 / 1281 In 1734, Cornelis Speelman and his council sent letters dated October 14 and October 24 concerning military activities in Macassar. The old ship Domburg had arrived with 48 sick and injured people. Several other vessels including the flutes Watersoen, Velthoen, Zeeridder and ships Zeesout, Loenen, Gorcom, and Ter Tholen, along with the flute White Lion from Amboina via Macassar, had also arrived. Some of these ships needed repairs. The challoops Amsterdam and Eendracht, which departed on August 29, arrived on October 2 and October 4. The yacht Crab left on September 19. On October 11, after failed negotiations with the enemy, the council decided to launch an attack on October 12. The assault began at noon after cannon fire from the ship Soogelande. The attackers found little resistance as some enemies were sleeping while others were eating. Though some attackers were hit by enemy fire from nearby trees, their allies managed to breach Crain Jerenica's fence. The Bugis people began looting old rags, horses, and buffalos, but were stopped and redirected to help destroy some fortifications and establish defensive positions.
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View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 1266 / 0225 On November 28, 1609, it was agreed to authorize the Governor General to make the Council of the Indies take an oath of loyalty to the States General. If the Governor were to die during his term, sealed letters would name potential successors. Three additional commissions were to be prepared with blank spaces for the names of successors.
Pieter Both was appointed as Governor General and Admiral over 8 ships heading to East Indies, namely:
On December 16, 1609, Ambassador Aerssen wrote about the progress of the East India Company in France. He was instructed to counter and reverse this development.
On January 15, 1610, the Magellan Company presented a petition. The matter was postponed until Monday when East India Company delegates were expected to arrive. Instructions were given to allow Magellan Company agents to load and transport their remaining goods, including cloves, on the first returning ships.
On January 20, 1610, Mayor Pauw and two other delegates from the East India Company in Amsterdam reported on their meeting with the Magellan Company directors. They were optimistic about reaching a friendly agreement. It was decided to wait for the outcome of this agreement before ruling on the Magellan Company's request.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.01.02 / 4841 / 0099 In 1713, several ships were staffed with soldiers and sailors. Adriaien Kempe commanded the St. Joris with 180 men, while Cornelis Loucke led a ship of 110 men. Each of seven ships carried 30 musketeers, costing 292 pounds and 10 shillings monthly per ship, totaling 2,047 pounds and 10 shillings.
The fleet included:
In total, 9 convoy ships were manned by 577 sailors, with monthly wages and food costs of 11,855 pounds and 5 shillings, annually totaling 142,263 pounds.
Vice Admiral Carinius Hollare commanded the Sampson. Other captains included Cornelis van Regemerter on the Gouden Leeuw, Jan de Cock on the Denhoorn, and Frans Jacobsz Schortant.
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