Transcriptions » Recently created summaries of historical documents

The following cases were recorded in a historical Dutch legal document:

• Joseph de Bont from Lexmond was sentenced (C: S:) on 2 November for being an accomplice in a theft. He was fined 52 guilders.
• Jan Elias, noted in 's EComp:s (East India Company) books, was associated with Hans Elias and fined 6 guilders.
• Jacob de Rooij, a soldier, was sentenced (C: S:) on 6 November for failing in his duties. He was fined 66 guilders.
• Jan de Vroom from Delft was sentenced in a case of attempted sodomy (L:). After questioning Lodewijk Borgers from Hanover, Jan de Vroom was released from the sentence (C: S:).
• Leendert van den Berg from Culemborg was sentenced in a sodomy case (M: 41).
• Meij van Boegies was sentenced in a case of rape (4 May) committed against a free child (likely a free Black child).
• November van Rambang was sentenced in a sodomy case (25 November, record 47).
• Nicolaas Pieter Adriaanse from Venlo, a soldier, was sentenced (C: S:) for attempting piracy against English ships anchored at the roadstead (a sheltered body of water near the coast). He was fined 38 guilders.
• November van Ternaten was sentenced in a case involving the brutal murder of the daughter of citizen Hans Diederik Moor, along with murderous aggression against several other people.
• Reijneer van den Bergh from Utrecht, a young sailor, was sentenced in a sodomy case (25 November, record 36, note 28).
• Roeland de Blij was sentenced (C: S:) for neglecting his duty to prevent an act of bestiality (with a pig) committed by Jan Hansz van Elsevelde. Notes mention Jan Hansz van Elsevelde was taken to prison (3 November).

• Jan Willem Coppenburg requested the arrest of Daniel Jeehen and Harmen van Oolen.
• A decision was made regarding the above request on 1558 and 1561.
• A report was submitted against sailors on the ship Admiraal de Ruiter:
  • Vincent Harace, Jan Springmeijer from 's-Gravenhage, and Cas van Drossen were involved in the death of a slave named Soumath, owned by Boegies den Staaff, after an attack on 13 January.
  • Joseph de Wijs from Trompoten was sentenced to hard labor for an unspecified case involving Drossen that occurred the previous year.
  • Jan Hansz van Els Veld was sentenced to hear the verdict for a case involving sodomy on 18, 30, 31 January, 24, 28 February, and 13 March.
• Jacobus Johannes Le Sueur requested the arrest of Jan Otto Diederiks and his two illegitimate sons, Carel and Andries Jacobus, along with Hendrik Bruijns, for:
  • illegal hunting and shooting of wild animals,
  • negligently injuring a slave named Jacob, owned by the reverend preacher Henricus Cronenburg, with a snaphaunce gun.
• Judocus Lambert van Leeuwen, a soldier, was sentenced to hard labor for seeking refuge with English ships docked at the roadstead.
• Johannes Cornelis Blokland from Giessendam was sentenced to hear the verdict for a case involving sodomy on 47 January.
• Julij from Macassar was sentenced for escaping and causing injury.
• Jacob Wemmer from Hausheim was sentenced to hard labor for fraudulently purchasing tea that was stolen in the bay.
• Joseph was mentioned in an unspecified case on 52 January.

• The court heard a request from Hendrik Harmen regarding a case.
• The following individuals were summoned (C:S: likely means "called to stand trial") in various cases:
  • Christiaan Schalk van Braunvels for alleged involvement in theft from the estate of the late citizen Samuel Gutsche, along with Daniel Godlob and Friedrich Holst von Potsdam (a soldier).
  • Hubertus Thielemans (a soldier) for desertion, possibly connected to English ships present at the time.
  • A person referred to as Tischaar for smuggling ("heelling") and involvement in illegal tea trade ("Thee drefte") in the bay.
  • Van Oolen van Bremen for theft from the same estate of Samuel Gutsche.
• Fines mentioned:
  • 52 (currency not specified) for some cases.
  • 67 and 64 in others.
• Jan Willem Cloppenburg requested that the soldier Casper Kontz be sent to Robben Island (likely a penal colony) for unspecified reasons.
• He also submitted:
  • A list of employees of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) who had been released from service the previous year, asking for them to be summoned by public notice ("Edictaale Citatie").
  • Three statements about the unfortunate death of drummer Joseph Dankdaar, killed by a cannon shot, from ship officers, a woman named Elisabeth, the Governor-General, and two senior surgeons.
• The council reported on complaints about the misconduct of Aurora, a free Black woman from Rio de Lagoa.
• A request was made for the physical arrest ("apprehensie Corporeel") of Jacob Wemmer on January 42 (likely a typo, year unclear).

This document is a record of criminal cases from Casteel de Goede Hoop (Castle of Good Hope) in 1764. The cases involve soldiers, sailors, and civilians, with various accusations and fines. Below is a summary of the key entries:

• Arij Vuijst was fined for failing to prevent Jan Gransz van Elseveld from committing an unnatural act with a pig. Fine: ƒ 26.
• A soldier named ries Berg from Saxenwalde was involved in a case related to "drossen" (likely desertion or theft). Fine: ƒ 39.
• Adam Wendschoen from Stralzond was accused of theft from C.E. en P. Thee. Fine: ƒ 32.
• Anthonij Joh van Elsens was accused of being an accessory to a crime. Fine: ƒ 32.
• Two unnamed sailors were arrested, including one named Roeland de Olijen. Another person, Frederik Holst, was fined ƒ 68 for an unspecified crime.
• A "drosser" (possibly a deserter or thief) named Baatjoe van Boegies was fined ƒ 52 for involvement in a crime at the bay.
• Barend (last name unclear) was fined ƒ 2.
• Carel, a soldier from Leiden, was required to testify in the case of Claas Melot, also from Leiden.
• Baldamus van Delburg was involved in a case related to "drossen." Fine: ƒ 15.
• Christina Strang, wife of Iacobus Cruger, was summoned to testify in a dispute involving Christiaan Ludolph Veetkling, Jan Willem Cloppenburg (independent fiscal officer), and Johannes Cruges.
• Christiaan Pruijsman from Enkhuizen was accused of sodomy.
• Christiaan Dirksen van Valkenberg, a soldier, was accused of planning to desert to English ships in the harbor. Fine: ƒ 38.
• Cupido van Perra de Natal was accused of injuring Schelk Willemsz van der Merve, who was placed in authority over him. Fine: ƒ 44.
• Obis Toon Hetten was summoned to testify in a case involving "Forturam." Fine: ƒ 20.

The fines listed range from ƒ 2 to ƒ 68, depending on the severity of the accusations.

This summary covers official letters sent from Samarang (Semarang) and Cheribon (Cirebon) in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) to the Netherlands between 1848 and 1850.

• The letters included reports on:
  • Unclaimed goods left by M. J. N. Doornik with merchant C. H. Plein in Samarang, involving L. de Groot.
  • The death certificate of a military officer named C. Teiltor.
  • A death certificate for someone named S. van den Dok.
  • Financial records related to the military administration and pensions for officials like J. C. Vetter.
  • A list of people who traveled to the Dutch East Indies.
  • A delegation led by J. B. Wynmalen and documents about sending official state letters.
• Additional letters from Samarang discussed:
  • Contributions from preachers and teachers to the Synodal Widow Fund in Wernebuen.
  • A complaint from the people of Saparoea (Saparua).
  • Financial statements for domains (land owned by the state) and military matters.
  • Legal papers concerning convicted military personnel.
  • The estate of J. B. C. L. Schenck.
  • Service records of a civil servant named H. om der Ven in Cheribon.
  • A request by the children of L. R. Landouw to adopt the surname Landouw.
• General records included:
  • Public books of the Dutch East Indies for the year 1845.
  • Registers of the Resolutions of the Council General for July 1847.

The dates mentioned in the letters ranged from September 4, 1848 to September 21, 1850.

From 23 to 25 February, the following events were recorded:

• An English ship sailed upstream past the fort.
• An English helmsman, M. Siemonies, arrived by canoe from Anomabu at the fort and later left downstream.
• By order of the Honorable President, the gunner P. A. de Rohan was punished with a stick beating and released from arrest. The password was Baarsdorp.
• A large canoe arrived from Kormantse carrying a barrel and a ram.
• A ship anchored upstream left after 7 days.
• A messenger from the deep sea passed by upstream.
• A large canoe with an English flag at the front arrived from Elmina and sailed downstream past Saint Jago.
• A Dutch ship arrived from upstream and anchored in the harbor. It fired a 7-gun salute, and the fort responded with 5 shots. The password was Coevorden.
• The soldier M. Marchel was admitted to the hospital due to illness.

On 26 February:

• By order of the Honorable President, the inner gate remained open until 9 PM the previous evening before closing.
• The captain of the Dutch ship that arrived the night before came ashore by boat and reached the fort. The ship, named Zee Merkuur, came from Middelburg, and the captain’s name was Cornelis van Kakum. The password was Den Dermonde.
• A large canoe arrived from Komenda but carried no goods.
• The soldier B. Landouw arrived from Saint Jago and was admitted to the hospital due to illness.
• The gunner T. Ouwman arrived by canoe from Mouri and reached the fort.
• A ship from downstream anchored below the harbor.
• A large canoe arrived from Shama loaded with 2 chests.
• The ship from downstream anchored in the harbor.
• A large canoe left for Komenda loaded with 1 chest. The password was Edam.

This document records the transportation of people from an unspecified location, likely during the late 1700s or early 1800s. The groups listed include soldiers, civilians, and enslaved individuals, along with their family members.

The first section details the movement of military personnel and others, including:

• Soldiers and military roles:
  • Trumpeter: 1
  • Gravedigger: 59
  • Executioner: 91
  • Lieutenant: 91
  • Ensign (a junior officer): 69
  • Adjutant: 302
  • Sergeant: 309
  • Corporal: 103
  • Men (likely regular soldiers): 63, 112, 63, and 94 in different groups
• Women and children: 77 (likely wives and daughters)
• Free men who were enslaved: 316
• Enslaved women: 323
• Total "heads" (people) counted together: 1083

The second section lists civilian households, headed by men with various ranks or professions, along with the number of people transported from each household. Notable names include:

• Captain Anthonie van der Plas: transported with 25 people (including 14 women and girls, 7 enslaved men, and 4 enslaved women)
• Jan Carel Zetlig: transported with 17 people
• Feijt Landouw: transported with 24 people
• Tan George Heekel: transported with 13 people
• Johan Scholler: transported with 65 people
• Meijndert de Vries: transported with 60 people
• Johan Christoffels, Elias Buijhuys, Christiaan Isaaks, and others: transported with smaller groups, ranging from 1 to 12 people
• Pieter Slimp: transported with 98 people (including 77 women and girls, 3 enslaved men, and 179 enslaved women)
• Christiaan Rijk: listed as a "patroontasse maker" (likely a pattern or model maker)
• Antonie Seybrand: noted as a retired ("gegasieerd") steersman
• Willem Waakers, Johannis Scholler, David Meijer, and others: transported with varying numbers of people
• Jan Valentyn Smitt: a retired soldier, transported with 6,770 men, 9 women, and 70 children (likely a recording error or misinterpretation, as the numbers are unusually high)
• Arij Zell: a soldier, transported with 8 people

The document appears to be a log of people being relocated, possibly for military or colonial purposes, with a focus on counting individuals, including enslaved people, women, and children.

This document lists debts owed to the Dutch East India Company (VOC) for military supplies, including weapons and ammunition, provided on credit. The debtors were required to repay in gold, cash, or clove oil. The following rulers and officials owed money:

• Rulers and their debts:
  • King of Taboekan: ƒ 152.88
  • King of Taroena: ƒ 45.80
  • King of Tagoelanda: ƒ 14.88
  • King of Candhaer: ƒ 103.95
  • King of Manganitoe: ƒ 58.85
  • Former King of Gorontalo, Mono Ada: ƒ 829.88
  • Princes of Boelang and Mogondo: ƒ 13.98
  Total for rulers: ƒ 1,219.50

• Former officials and their debts for mismanaged goods:
  • Former Resident of Gorontalo, Hoeque: ƒ 1,467.60
  • Moll: ƒ 12,241.87
  • Dispenser Bassee: ƒ 1,047.90
  • Shopkeeper Van Raedsveld: ƒ 8,610.00
  Total for officials: ƒ 29,366.37

• Other debts:
  • Resident Wittewael (for unpaid customs money, already noted in Batavia records from September 17, 1793): ƒ 1,166.40
  • Lieutenant Chalmot (as guarantor for Dispenser Bassee's debt): ƒ 990.00
  • Captain-Lieutenant Feit Landouw (for unpaid loans from Batavia): ƒ 5,940.00

• Former kings of Gorontalo and their debts:
  • Former King Mono Arda: ƒ 1,982.63
  • King Wallanadij: ƒ 396.00
  • King Iskander Nackie of Limbotse: ƒ 1,353.55
  • Bonijs Hitchiel La haij: ƒ 346.50
  Total for former kings: ƒ 4,078.68

Overall total debt listed: ƒ 9,053.12.

On 24 February 1756, in Macassar, two officials from the respected Council of Justice of Rotterdam Castle questioned Hendrik Welvaart, a bookkeeper for the Dutch East India Company (E Comp). The interrogation was requested by the prosecutor Winkelman.

• Welvaart confirmed he had inventoried the goods of Camerling and Anthonij van Dorth.
• He was present during the sale of their goods but did not see or hear Winkelman take or enrich himself with any items.

On 5 January 1756, a document was signed in Batavia before the secretary Hermanus Burggraef and witnesses. It was declared authentic by Burger Captain Hemert Rijkhuijsen, who confirmed it was handwritten by Anthonij van Dorth and given to him. The document was a summary of a speculative letter involving Van Dorth, his authorized agents De Clarant and Frans Albrecht Piel.

• The letter showed that Van Dorth had hidden money, gold, silver, jewels, and clothes among friends before his goods were seized.
• His actions suggested dishonest intentions.

On 24 April 1756, in Macassar, the same officials questioned Hendrik Steijns, the head of the Armory, under request from Winkelman. This was part of the same case (record number 42).

• A set of documents was submitted to the Honorable Court of Justice at Batavia Castle on behalf of the defendant, Steeven Winkelman, in a criminal case.
• The documents were presented to:
  • Mr. Librecht Hooreman, an ordinary council member of the Dutch East Indies and President of the Court,
  • and the other respected members of the Court.
• The case was brought by Mr. Thomas Schippers, the acting fiscal attorney (prosecutor) for India, Rotterdam, and Eijscher.
• The submitted documents included:
  • A register (list) of referenced items, marked on the back of the documents.
  • A transfer document of the fiscal office, handed over by the former provisional fiscal attorney, Johan Banelius, to the current fiscal attorney in Macassar (modern-day Makassar) for the amount of 93.2 (likely a currency value, such as guilders).

• On 5 April 1757, Steeven Winkelman, a fiscal officer (a type of legal investigator), conducted an official interrogation in Rotterdam.
• The interrogation took place before two committee members from the Honorable Council of Justice of Rotterdam Castle.
• The person questioned was Jan Everhard Steeds, a military lieutenant.
• The record of the interrogation was signed the next day, 6 April 1757, by committee members Bleman and I. Romstadt, along with the secretary I.D. Mello.
• The document shows that Steeven Winkelman, in his official role, carried out the following actions under orders from the then-governor Jan Dirk van Clootwijck:
  • Arrested Anthonij van Dorth on criminal charges.
  • Placed Camerling and his wife under civil detention (a form of legal restraint).
  • Inventoried and sold goods (likely confiscated property).
• All these actions were done in the presence of two committee members from the Honorable Council of Justice of Rotterdam Castle.

• Carel LeCerfs, from Macassar, respectfully requested to be accepted into the service of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) as a soldier with a salary to be determined by the officials. This request was submitted on May 16, 1760.
• Christophel Everhard, a drum major, asked if his 12-year-old son, Jan Everhard, could be accepted into the VOC's service as a piper. This request was also submitted on May 16, 1760.
• Jacob Pieterse, an 18-year-old from Macassar, had already served several years and completed multiple voyages with the chief helmsman Sijbrand Adriaans Baart. He requested to be hired as a sailor in the VOC's service for a monthly wage of ƒ9. His request was supported by Baart and submitted on May 16, 1760.
• An extract from a church council meeting in Macassar at Fort Rotterdam on April 16, 1760 noted:
  • The request of Dirk van der Cluijs, a deacon, to resign due to his upcoming departure was approved.
  • Roeloff Blok (outgoing) and Cornelis Sinkelaar (elected), Governors and Directors of the Celbes Coast, along with the council, were informed.
• Henricus De Grave reported on April 25, 1760 that Pieter de Vreij, a sailmaker for the VOC, was examined and found to be knowledgeable in religious matters and skilled in singing and reading. He was recommended as a suitable candidate to fill the vacant position of sick visitor and sexton due to his good conduct.
• On April 30, 1760, Willem Deeshouten and J.C. Helmkampff reported that they had visited the young King of Laa to offer condolences for the loss of his grandfather and ruler of Iaa. They delivered the usual mourning gift. The king expressed gratitude but mentioned the court's deep sorrow, especially since his grandfather had been the one who encouraged maintaining contracts with the VOC.
• On May 16, 1700, Abraham Trevizo was elected as deacon by a majority vote, pending approval by the Governors and Council of Police.
• The document was addressed to Roeloff Blok (outgoing) and Cornelis Sinkelaar (elected), Governors and Directors of the Celbes Coast.

• An extra cost of ƒ1,127:12 was recorded due to:
  • An "extraordinary expense" of ƒ2,000 in a previous year, with ƒ3,000 allocated for 2 months in the current year.
  • A payment of ƒ1,000 (for 2 months) to the honorable Governor Roelof Blok for hosting local kings and dignitaries in July. The remaining ƒ1,000 had already been paid in 1755/1756 to the honorable Jan Dirk van Clootwijk for the same purpose.
  • An additional ƒ1,000 was needed because only ƒ2,000 (for 8 months) had been budgeted for hosting duties under the former governor, leaving ƒ1,000 unaccounted for the remaining 4 months under Roelof Blok.
  • A small boat (schepraauw) purchased for the Residency Bina by the chief interpreter Johannes Ferera for ƒ168, as per a council decision on 16 December 1757.
• Repairs and timberwork costs increased by ƒ236:17, including:
  • A new roof for the lieutenant of artillery’s residence, costing approximately ƒ259.
• Local servants' wages rose due to:
  • A Malay teacher receiving a monthly salary increase from ƒ14:8 (from September of the previous year to February) to ƒ20 per month starting in March.
• Ship wages for the vessel Ouwerkerk increased by ƒ544:13:8, as:
  • Only ƒ364:1 had been recovered from the crew’s over-issued rations (beyond permitted amounts per regulations from 15 August 1752).
  • Additional costs in the current year included wages, burial clothes, hospital expenses, and a shortfall of ƒ33:12 on cargo.

In 1752, Clootwijk accused Willem Camerling, Anthonij van Dorth, and their wives—Mari van Macassar and Emerentia Fransen—of treason and harming the authority of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). He claimed they helped a group of locals steal the company’s ship Rustenwerk near Buton and harm its crew. Clootwijk also blamed them for the actions of Frans Fransz and the financial losses the VOC suffered.

Clootwijk repeatedly pressured the High Government of the Indies with letters on 15 July 1752, 30 May 1753, and 25 May 1754, using over 60 pieces of evidence—many allegedly false or fabricated—to support his claims. He even suggested some documents had been hidden to avoid scrutiny.

Instead of following orders to send Camerling and Van Dorth (along with their wives) to stand trial fairly, Clootwijk arrested them. Van Dorth was sent to prison without legal justification, denied visits, and held in poor conditions. Meanwhile, their confiscated property was mismanaged and lost.

Ignoring direct orders from the High Government and a long-standing rule from 20 January 1694 about proper legal procedures, Clootwijk kept the accused in Macassar. He even asked the fiscal officer Steven Winckelman to request their execution as traitors in Celebes, promising to provide the necessary "proof" later.

• On Wednesday, November 29, 1758, a meeting of the Honorable Council of Justice of Batavia Castle took place, with all members present except Mr. Helvetius, who was absent due to illness.
• The Council reviewed a formal accusation submitted by the Advocate Fiscal of India, Mr. Thomas Schippers.
• The accusation targeted Jan Dirk van Clootwijck, originally from 's-Hertogenbosch, a former Governor and Director of Macassar.
• Van Clootwijck was accused of harboring an "unforgivable hatred" toward:
  • Willem Camerling, a former merchant and fiscal officer in Macassar.
  • Anthonij van Dorth, a citizen lieutenant in Macassar and Camerling's uncle by marriage.
• The accusation claimed Van Clootwijck had a "godless and despicable plan" to have these men secretly executed under the guise of justice.
• As part of this plan, Van Clootwijck allegedly falsely accused Camerling of helping Frans Fransz, a former interpreter from the Buginese Court, escape from Rotterdam Castle in Macassar.
• Frans Fransz had been arrested for:
  • Public violence.
  • Piracy.
  • Assisting in the murder of a prince named Tjalla Paneiki, whose wife (a princess) was also involved.
• The accusation further claimed that after Frans Fransz's escape, Van Clootwijck continued to target Camerling and his associates.

On 31 January 1580, certain individuals were isolated and denied contact with friends, relatives, or acquaintances while investigations against them were ongoing.

On 21 January 1580, the fiscal advocate (a legal official) reported in an emergency meeting that the ship De Eendragt had arrived in port from Macassar that day. The ship was immediately seized and held under the authority of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). The advocate also reported that the former Governor van Clootwijck and the secretary of the Council of Justice Wehr were rumored to be preparing to leave Macassar soon aboard a private vessel owned by van Clootwijck. There was strong suspicion that they intended to sail directly to Bencoula or elsewhere to avoid facing trial before the council through a planned secret escape.

The fiscal advocate requested that the honorable High Government of the Indies quickly prepare one or two suitable, well-equipped ships. These ships were to be armed, manned, and placed under the command of two commissioners from the council, accompanied by the fiscal advocate and assisted by one of the sworn clerks. Their mission was to set sail immediately and patrol the Sunda Strait at a location deemed most strategic by the commissioners. Their task was to intercept van Clootwijck and Wehr, seize their persons, crew, and goods by any means necessary, and bring them back under the council's authority.

On 24 January 1580, the government assigned the yacht De Vliegende Visch and the shallop De Goudvinck for this mission. The ships were to be ready to sail by that evening or, at the latest, early the next morning. The appointed commissioners were council members Nicolaas van Landtschot and Carel Godfried Beuck, along with an officer and the first sworn clerk.

The commissioners asked how long they should continue their patrol if van Clootwijck and Wehr were not encountered. They were instructed to remain at sea for at least 14 days. If the targets were not found by then, the commissioners could extend their mission based on any new information obtained from other ships arriving from Macassar.

• In 1586, a record described the sentencing of an unnamed prisoner who was found guilty of serious crimes. The court ruled that the prisoner should be taken to the usual place for executing criminal sentences, handed over to the executioner, and beheaded with a sword. Additionally, the prisoner was sentenced to life imprisonment in a location chosen by the Honorable High Government of the Dutch Indies and fined 8,000 rijksdaalders (a type of currency), which would be distributed as customary, along with covering the costs of justice.
• The prisoner requested and was granted a standard trial process, allowed to be represented by a legal representative named Maloran. The representative was given a copy of the charges and related documents, along with 6 weeks to prepare a response.
• On September 24, 1586, a lawyer named Schippers, acting on behalf of the prisoner, submitted a written response. Based on the documents provided, the lawyer argued for the prisoner’s innocence and requested the dismissal of the charges and costs, or alternatively, a fair resolution.
• The prosecutor was given 14 days to reply.
• The case involved Jan Bastiaan Holst, a citizen initially accused of buying stolen wheat and concealing the theft. He later became the plaintiff in a request for a case review. The opposing party was the Advocate Fiscal of India, Thomas Schippers, who was temporarily replacing Willem Cras.
• In letters dated October 10, 1754, the case was documented as completed and ready for judgment. A review decision on June 6 (of an unspecified year) upheld the original sentence from August 6, 1754, which had found in favor of the plaintiff.
• The review corrected the initial charges and conclusions against the defendant, dismissed them, and returned the imposed fine. The costs of both trials were balanced between the parties.
• The plaintiff, in his successive responses and a request dated May 8, 1753, had formally accepted certain points (articles 300, 301, 302, and 303) under oath.

On 5 May 1751, a letter was sent from Macassar to Governor-General Jacob Mossel and the respected council members of the Dutch East India Company in Dutch India. The sender requested safe passage for someone named Costij, who was preparing to leave.

• The letter included two copies of earlier official documents and all their attachments, as recorded in a recent register sent to Bima.
• It also contained two request letters from the first two signers, whose contents the writers fully supported with respect.

The writers closed by placing themselves and the letter under the protection of God, following the orders of Governor-General Jacob Mossel and the council, to safeguard the Dutch East India Company's important interests. They signed off with deep respect.

On 5 May 1751, a letter was sent from Macassar to Jacob Mossel, the Governor-General, and the Council of the Dutch East Indies. The sender requested safe passage for a man named Costij, who was preparing to leave.

• The letter included copies of two earlier respectful requests.
• It also contained duplicates of all recent official documents sent to Bima, as recorded in a register.
• The letter mentioned two additional requests from the first two signers, which the writers promised to honor respectfully.

The writers closed by placing Costij and the letter under the protection of God and the Dutch East India Company (VOC), addressing the leaders with great respect and formal titles.

On 5 May 1751, a letter was sent from Macassar to Jacob Mossel, the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies, and the Council of Dutch India. The sender requested safe passage for someone named Costij, who was preparing to leave.

• The letter included two copies of earlier official documents and all their attachments, as recorded in a recent log sent via Bima.
• It also contained two request letters from the first two signers, to which the writers promised to respond respectfully.
• The letter closed by placing the matter—and the Dutch East India Company’s important interests—under divine protection, with great respect.

The writers signed off as obedient servants to the high authorities in Macassar.

On 5 May 1751, a letter was sent from Macassar (modern-day Makassar, Indonesia) to Jacob Mossel, the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies, and the Council of Dutch India. The writer requested safe passage for a person named Costij, who wished to leave Macassar.

• The letter included copies of earlier official documents and attachments, as recorded in a recent register sent via Bima (an island in Indonesia).
• It also contained two request letters from two individuals whose names were signed first.
• The writers promised to act respectfully regarding the contents of these requests.

The letter closed by placing the Dutch East India Company’s (VOC) important interests under God’s protection, with the writers signing off respectfully as "your widely commanding lords."

• The first letter was signed by several officials in Macassar on 24 April 1751, including:
  • Z. Lepeltek
  • J.D. van Clootwijck
  • J.P.E.
  • J.H. Weerbarnewallman
  • P. Camerling
  • G.C. Meurs
  • J.N. Stampeel
  • A. Ravensberg
  • C. Hodenpijl
• The letter was sent from the castle in Rotterdam and addressed to officials in Batavia (modern-day Jakarta).
• A second letter was sent from Macassar on 29 April 1751 to an unnamed nobleman.
• A third letter was sent from Macassar on 5 May 1751 to:
  • Jacob Mossel, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies
  • The noble council members of the Dutch East India Company (VOC)
• The letters use formal and respectful language, describing the recipients as honorable, strict, wise, and generous leaders.

On 24 April 1751, a letter from Macassar reported the death of the governor, Cornelis Rosenboom. His duties were first temporarily handed over to a deputy but later officially transferred to his successor as per the latest decision.

The writers also expressed their sadness over the recent passing of the former Governor-General, Gustaaf Willem Baron van Imhoff, and sent their condolences.

They then congratulated the current Governor-General, Jacob Mossel, on his new position, wishing him all possible blessings and success. The letter closed with a respectful farewell, placing the interests of the Dutch East India Company under divine protection.

On 29 March 1744, officials in East Java received several important documents from Surabaya:

• Two copies of letters from Surabaya, sent by the local council and received on 11 March and 14 March.
• A decision record from the council meeting held on 3 March and 13 March.
• A copy of a letter from Major Mom, sent from Sumanap on 20 March.
• A report (written like a daily log) by the Surabaya translator Vleeshouwer, who was in Sumanap (no date given).
• Two copies of letters sent from East Java to Major Mom and the Surabaya leader Keijser, dated the previous day (28 March).
• A copy of a letter from Benjamin van Doorn, the temporary administrator in charge of Surabaya, sent on 18 March.
• Translations of several Chinese letters and documents related to both the local trading office and Pasuruan.