Users of Open Archives can have summaries generated from the recognized texts (transcriptions) produced through text recognition (OCR) and handwriting recognition (HTR). Neither of these artificial intelligence tasks is perfect, but they are often more than sufficient to make the historical document understandable. In the transcripts, names are underlined in green and clickable (to search the personal entries on Open Archives for the name in question), the recognized dates have a light gray background and recognized place names have a light purple background. The results of the application of (European) artificial intelligence have not been verified by a human.
On August 2, 1712, Mister van der Burg had received 99 rijksdaalders, leaving 101 rijksdaalders still owed. Of this debt, Captain Lauwt had to pay 98 rijksdaalders and the chief Langoegoe 3 rijksdaalders.
On Friday, the writer saw that the kings did not want to pay anything to the Dutch East India Company. He also had to wait a long time for Captain Lauwt, who had already been away for 3 months. The writer thought that when Lauwt returned, he would bring enough coret (a type of cloth or trade goods) to pay off his debt to the Company. To avoid wasting more time, the writer had Company goods brought to shore to see if he could obtain any coret in the meantime.
On Saturday, the chief Balonk from Attingola came to visit the writer. After some unimportant conversations, he said goodbye and returned to his place of residence.
On Sunday, the kings of Gorontale came with some leaders and coret, but they could not agree on the price. They wanted 7 to 8 shillings per catty, while the writer could only offer 5 to 6 shillings. The leaders left with their coret.
On Monday, some small boats came from the bay of Tomimij, reporting that they had seen a group of Makassarese and Buginese people. They believed these people would meet Captain Lauwt.
On Tuesday, the old king came to the writer and also told him about the Makassarese. He asked the writer to send a guard to make them leave. The writer said the king had enough people to send there himself and that he had enough orders from the Company to follow.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 1826 / 0422
The Dutch East India Company decided to blockade
Macassar with ships and smaller vessels. The local people living on the coasts supported the people from
Macassar and would help them against the Dutch by any means possible.
The Dutch learned that trade from
Macassar to
Malacca,
Macao, and
Manila was growing, which significantly strengthened their enemies. They decided the best solution was to continuously blockade
Macassar itself with ships and smaller vessels, restricting it as much as their resources allowed.
The Dutch expected this blockade would achieve several goals:
- Little or no supplies from Macassar would reach Malacca and other areas
- The King of Macassar would not be able to send promised assistance to Quimela Lousoe against the Dutch
- Ships from Macassar and Malay vessels normally trading with Malacca and Amboina would be trapped in Macassar
- The regions of Malacca, Amboina, and Ceram would suffer from lack of supplies from Macassar
- The King of Macassar, who was in alliance with the Portuguese and Spanish and was being influenced to become Roman Catholic, would not grow stronger in power, authority, trade, and commerce
- Ships from Macassar returning from Amboina, Banda, and other western places would fall into Dutch hands near Macassar, as would vessels from Java and Portuguese ships from Macao and Malacca
- The Spanish and Portuguese would lose their main trading place in the archipelago, where they were building such influence that ships from Macao, the Indian Coast, and Coromandel could come there without calling at Malacca
- The military assistance that Mattaram was requesting from Macassar (encouraged by the Portuguese) would disappear, and Mattaram would realize that help from Macassar and the Portuguese would come late or never, since the Dutch were attacking both the Portuguese and the people from Macassar in their own territories
For these and other good reasons, the Dutch decided to send forces of men, ships, and smaller boats to
Macassar that they could spare without harming inland trade. They would keep the place continuously blockaded instead of patrolling uselessly in the waters around
Amboina.
On
3 October, the ship
Buijren arrived from the
Moluccas, having left
Macquian on
17 August. The ship brought no cloves at all. Since
14 April, when the ship
Het Gulden Zeepaert had left with letters from King
Hamsia to
Quimalasa on
Lousoe, the weather in the
Moluccas had been very bad and stormy with heavy rainfall. All the cloves on both
Macquian and
Ternate had rotted on the trees, spoiled, and fallen off unripe because of the continuous rain. This meant that trade in those inland areas, which depended on good or bad harvests, had been poor that year in the
Moluccas. Sales of cloth were small, profits were minimal, costs were dispr
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 1107 / 0134
The people of an unnamed group remained neutral during the war and troubles between the Dutch and the mentioned
quimalaha, without openly supporting the Dutch side. However, they seemed worried that if the war with the
quimalasa continued, they would be drawn into it. They tried to strengthen themselves in various places and secure their position. They had already completed all their works at
Massappel and intended to establish a new village at
den houck van Seijt and make some fortifications. For this purpose, they were currently clearing the forest around that location and preparing a good supply of lime.
According to reports received by the Dutch in
Amboina, the King of
Tidore had been on
Ceramlant keffing and other places nearby with a force of 22
Correcouren (a type of vessel). What he had accomplished there was still unknown. Those from
Moluco thought he had come there to build a fortress in
Papons or nearby to secure his position in those areas and strengthen it further. If this were true, the people of
Banda would get bad neighbors and would be more subject to robberies than currently.
The state of the churches and schools was in good condition, and the spread of the Christian religion both near the Castle and in the outlying islands had good progress.
The coconut trees that had been leased out for the last time in
Amboina were advertised for lease again by the Governor after the lease expired, traveling to 3 or 4 districts to try to lease them out again. However, no one came forward to accept them, so they remained unleased.
Various persons had paid the Company office in
Amboina the sum of 3,644 3/8
Realen van achten (Spanish silver coins) to be reimbursed by the Company.
Macassar: After the
Macassars and
Malays arrived in
Martapura and spread the news, the
Quimala of Loesoe had sent a delegation to
Macassar this year and urgently requested the King to assist him with some people and vessels against the attacks that the Dutch made yearly on his junks and subjects. The King not only gave his word but also made a firm promise that he would send the mentioned
Quimalasa during the current west monsoon a force of 40 war
praeuwen (boats) well provided with people and ammunition of war, as well as 40 trading junks. With these, the
Quimalasa and his subjects would not only defend themselves against Dutch assaults but also attack the Dutch in their own territory and thereby take revenge for the many junks and vessels that the Dutch had taken from him year after year in the areas of
Amboina and elsewhere and destroyed.
According to information obtained from a certain Chinese skipper from
Batavia who came with his junk from
Amboina, stopped at
Macassar, and arrived on
30 August with some textiles, silk, and about 70 loads of rice, about 12 vessels from the areas of
Amboina had arrived in
Macassar before his departure. They had carried away and brought more than 1,000
picol (a weight measure) of cloves from there, which were ordinarily sold at 1,000
Realen van achten per
bhaer (a measure) of 4½
picol.
Those from the English ship
de duijt departed from
Macassar about a month later and arrived at
Bantam on
11 October. They increased the number and affirmed that by the time of their departure, various
Macassar and
Malay junks had brought a quantity of about
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 1107 / 0132
The text describes Dutch colonial activities in the
Ceram region during the 17th century. Raiders were continuously active both in that area and along the inner and outer coast of
Ceram, although they did not come as close as they had done 4 or 5 years earlier.
The placement of preacher brothers had not gone as well as hoped due to illness. Preacher
Herbertus de Jager was suspended for several days from all his duties by the church council because of domestic disputes and excessive drinking. Reverend
Rovenius, having recovered slightly from his paralysis, was placed on the island of
Oma because that location could mostly be visited by water, which would be easier for him due to his disability.
Homimoa remained without a preacher because Reverend
Montanus had departed for
Ternate on
5 July, with his duties being temporarily covered by visits. Only Reverends
Caron and
Huijsman remained at the castle. If the authorities decided to let
Montanus stay in
Ternate, they would need 2 or 3 more sober preachers.
The congregation was growing larger. The Alfuros people from
Pirou and
Lackemaij (located near
Janoenos bay on
Ceram) requested a schoolmaster to teach them so they could become ready to receive the sacrament of baptism. It was hoped that many others would follow their example, as had happened with the village of
Jatasia the previous year, whose inhabitants said they were more inclined toward Christianity than following their leader who had converted to Islam.
In
Manipa and
Bowa, the number of Christians was also increasing. Recently, Reverend
Caron had baptized 25 children and 33 adults there.
The ship
Dimmermeer, sent with materials from there to
Banda, arrived safely but was damaged while being towed to the shipyard. The yacht
Rambangh was then sent via this route to
Macassar. Because it could not reach the harbor, it had to anchor in the lime bay west of
Paricque.
The skipper, first mate
Evert Caspers, was suspended for 10 months, and the steward
Abraham van der Plasse was suspended for 6 months for reasons mentioned in an earlier letter. The assistant
Hans Paurauscher was ordered to administer the steward's iron magazine and equipment goods.
Regarding the clove crop, the situation was such that they expected to harvest approximately 900 to 1,000 bales the following year. The planting of some young trees appeared to be doing well, but the Company's trees were planted so densely that they were too close together.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 1275 / 0046
This document is a register of letters and documents received in Batavia concerning the Amboina region. These documents were sent back to the homeland on the first return ships. The register covers the period from 27 April 1683 to 2 November 1683.
The register contains the following items:
- A letter from the acting commander Jeremias van Vliet and the council, sent via the ship N. Noortwijck from Amboina to the authorities in Batavia, dated 16 October 1682.
- Documents related to the mission of Robbertus Padtbrugge in Banda, received on 8 June via the ship Zijp in Amboina.
- A letter from Governor and Commissioner Robbertus Padtbrugge and the council in Amboina to the authorities in Batavia, dated 24 May 1683.
- A report from R. Padtbrugge about his assigned mission, dated 23 May 1683.
- A complaint from the orphan masters of Banda to Commissioner Padtbrugge and the council.
- Notes by Jeremias van Vliet and other appointed officials regarding a statement about a certain party, received in 1683.
- Instructions for the senior merchant Van Doorden, prepared by Commissioner Padtbrugge and the council for his journey to Heffin, dated 11 February 1683.
- A report by Van Vliet upon his return from Heffin, submitted to the Commissioner and council, dated 12 March 1681 (likely 1683).
- A report by Captain Cromhuysen regarding complaints about the people of Pattij, submitted on 27 March 1683.
- A translated letter from the old king of Bantam to the king and nobles of Makassar and the Moluccas, as well as the head man of Ceram, calling for rebellion against the Dutch East India Company, dated 3 March 1683.
- A translated letter from a certain Dai Boelaken, an envoy from Bone, to the Governor in Amboina, about the war against the people of Tamoocko.
- Instructions for Captain Jodocus Cromhuysen, skipper Jan van der Walle, and other commanders of the military force sent from Amboina and Banda, concerning the ship captain Joumat who was reportedly sent by the old sultan of Bantam with 3 vessels and letters to eastern peoples to encourage them to fight for the Muslim religion, dated 25 January 1683.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 1385 / 0023
A report was written expressing concern that bandits and slaves in a certain location were powerful enough to beat soldiers to death with sticks. This was considered unacceptable and was blamed on both the recipient and vigilant sergeant
Jan Pietersz who had been stationed there. The situation needed to be fixed quickly because a soldier without weapons was useless in preventing troubles. The recipient was ordered to carefully inspect how things were at
Poelorhun and properly provide everything that was missing. The letter ended on
ultimo November 1686 in
Banda on
Neira, signed by
Willem van Zijll.
Saul, a resident of
Damme under the village of
Bathomia, recently came and complained that someone named
Doman, who had previously been a leader of the common people when the residents of
Damme were last fought against by the Company under Captain
Cromhuijsen, was hindering him with testimony that was harmful to his command. The complainer sought to be confirmed in the position of head or orangkay (native chief). The mentioned orangkay
Paul had been victorious from the beginning and was still their successor. He had continuously shown himself vigilant according to successive testimonies. Therefore, they did not want to fail to give him this certificate of testimony and the worth of an orangkay-ship. They gave him a silver cane and a prince flag as a token. This act was written on
27 November 1686 in
Banda on the island
Neira, signed by
Willem van Zijll.
To Corporal
Jan de Voo: Various vessels being sailed by the natives of
Thila had arrived safely with their passes, but to great surprise no letter or written message had been received from
Macassar.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 1436 / 0848
- Birth registrations of twins could be written in one single record, but if a second or third child was reported after the first registration had already been made, a new separate record would be created for that birth.
- The word "age" (ouderdom) after the word "names" should be considered as forgotten in this article.
- By resolution of 25 February 1836 number 4, it was declared that the councils of justice would only make remarks about the first or baptismal names of children if it appeared that people were acting against the spirit of article 75 of the regulation, which was to prevent family names being given as first names. There was especially no reason to prevent parents from giving their own recognized first names used in the Netherlands to their children.
- By decree of the Commissioner General dated 23 September 1829 number 25 (law gazette number 93), question 10, it was explained that although leaving children as foundlings was less common in the Dutch East Indies, when such cases occurred, every found newborn child, regardless of whether it was a Christian, Jewish or native child, had to be registered according to article 80 and following of the regulation. The word "foundling" was therefore used in a general sense in the regulation. (Note: In this article, article 59 was incorrectly cited; it should be article 66.)
- By decree of the Commissioner General dated 23 September 1829 number 25 (law gazette number 93), question 12, it was determined that there should always be 3 marriage banns.
- By decree of the Commissioner General dated 23 September 1829 number 25 (law gazette number 93), question 14, it was determined that the registers of marriage announcements and banns, like other civil registry records, should be deposited with the councils of justice. (Note: The citation of articles 85 and 86 was incorrect; it should be articles 41 and 42.)
- By resolution of 9 August 1831 number 4 (law gazette number 44), it was determined that the power to grant exemption from article 111 of the civil registry regulation, in cases where this could happen without carelessness or fear of harmful consequences, was granted to the governors of the Moluccan islands and of Macassar, and to the residents of the west coast of Sumatra, Palembang, Banka, Riouw, Ternate, Banda, Menado, Timor and the west and southeast coast of Borneo.
- By resolution of 9 August 1830 number 10 (law gazette number 34), it was determined that, changing article 115 of the regulation, residents would have the authority, when requested on urgent and well-founded reasons, to allow 2 marriage banns on the same day, and in very special cases 3 banns, provided this always happened on a Sunday and the marriage was not performed before the third day afterwards, according to articles 110 and 116 of the regulation.
- By decree of the Commissioner General dated 26 September 1828 number 13, it was determined that no marriages could be performed before proof from the civil registry official was shown that the banns had been properly announced.
- By decree of the Commissioner General dated 23 September 1829 number 25 (law gazette number 93), question 13, it was determined that marriages had to be performed at the main place of residence of one of the future spouses, before the civil registry official who was located there and where the announcement and banns had taken place.
- By decree of the Commissioner General dated 23 September 1829 number 25 (law gazette number 93), question 17, it was determined that the burial permit referred to in article 139 would only be issued free of charge to poor people.
- By resolution of 30 August
View transcript NL-HaNA / 2.10.01 / 1163 / 0384
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3497 / 0306
A request was made for further approval regarding certain matters on
22 December 1777. The authorities asked to provide a monthly allowance of 20 dollars in cash, plus rice, beans, oil, salt, pepper and firewood to
Radeen agoe, widow of
Pangerang Praboe, and her followers who had returned from
Banda to
Batavia before sending them to
Ceylon. The plan was to have the Javanese rulers pay for these costs. However, the rulers were not currently paying such expenses, and previous support given to this family in
Banda had already been written off as expenses of the government in
Java. The authorities requested further guidance on this matter.
They expressed thanks for goods received via the ship
Kroonenburg, including rifles, flint stones, sea charts, and items requested by the Emperor in exchange for payment. They wished for blessings in the coming new year for the persons addressed and for the Company's important interests.
On
22 December 1777, another letter was received. The Resident of
Rembang was instructed to arrange for the King of
Bantam to collect pepper using 12 boats similar to Javanese Pantjallangs, measuring 50 feet long and 16½ feet wide. The fiscal officer and the warehouse masters were ordered to ensure that boxes containing bird nests for the Company would be wrapped with cross bands and sealed with the Company's seal.
Permission was given to private individuals to transport rice by freight to
Banda for 10 dollars and 100 pounds of spillage per koyang for the Company. They could also bring rice and other provisions for their own account, return with sea cucumbers and other permitted goods, and sail directly from
Banda back to
Java. Notice of this permission would be given everywhere.
As many jati seeds as available would be sent to
Amboina, along with the citizen
Anthonij Adams who had arrived at
Baccalongang that day with a respected letter dated
2 December.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3497 / 0304
On 28 December 1777, a report was sent regarding the arrival of eastern ships. The officials stated they would follow orders concerning the validation of spillage (goods allowed to be traded privately by ship officers). Since the petitioner had always given the required satisfaction as bookkeeper, they asked for favorable consideration of both requests.
The ships 't Huijs te Bijweg and Kroonenburg, destined for Banda and Amboina respectively, had arrived at Paccalongang and Samarang. In response to the letter of 10th of the month, the officials reported they would send to Amboina with Kroonenburg the full woolen request, and to Banda 700 coiangs of rice instead of the originally requested 1,000. They would send as many of the other goods as the ships 't Huis te Bijwegen and Oostcapelle could transport. Each of these 3 ships would receive 40,000 pounds of rice and 8,000 cadjang (roofing material) as rations for the crew for the round trip, calculated at 8 months.
In validating spillage for ship officers bringing goods from Batavia, they would follow article 2 of the regulation reprinted on 15 August 1764 (dated 22 December 1777), concerning the writing off of shortages and deficiencies. They would therefore validate only half of the otherwise permitted spillage. They thanked the authorities both for this ruling and for permission to write off war and transport costs in Balemboang and in the expedition against Noessa, which occurred in fiscal year 1776/7, totaling 37,049 guilders, 3 stuivers, and 8 penningen.
The authorities' satisfaction with the favorable state of this coast and the recorded profit of 105,227 guilders and 3 stuivers in fiscal year 1776/7 gave them much satisfaction. The confidence placed in them served as a strong motivation to meet expectations that the profits from prosperous Java at the end of the current fiscal year would exceed those of many previous years by a considerable amount, and that outstanding debts would be reduced.
They respectfully noted the granted permission to the Ternate citizens to call at Java on their journey to Batavia, provided they had proper passes, and to sell their cargo there either wholly or in part.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3497 / 0302
On
22 December 1777, a report was sent regarding military matters on
Java. Five people who had claimed to be free persons were sent to the authorities, but it later turned out they were actually slaves. The costs made for them were requested to be charged back to
Java.
The military strength report from the end of November showed that 88 soldiers were missing from the required number in the best garrisons, and together with 52 common soldiers stationed on
Noessa, there was a shortage of 140 soldiers in total. The writer requested that when sending replacement troops, as few junior officers and orphans as possible should be sent, because there were already enough of them. The old soldiers became frustrated because they could not get promoted, which often made them push for their release, setting a bad example for others.
Thanks were expressed on behalf of several employees who had been promoted or had their salaries increased:
It was reported that chief merchant and Head Administrator
Johan Michiel van Panhuis had undertaken his permitted trip overland on
13 August, and bookkeeper
Christoffel Weijdeman was expected to come serve on
Java.
Two petitions were presented:
- One from junior merchant and Resident at Joana Rutgert Reinier Keijzer, requesting permission to make a trip to Batavia
- One from citizen of Sourabaija Pieter Loeshouwer, requesting to be taken back into the Company's service in his previous position
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3497 / 0300
On
22 December 1777, several administrative matters were discussed. Brewing of arak was forbidden for His Excellency. This task was assigned to the clerk and the director, the resident of
Pacalong.
A separate letter was offered from the
Grissee resident
Fockens. Following an order from
11 November, the local prosecutor was again contacted about the prohibition against brewing arak. The heads of other offices were also written to, instructing them to watch carefully against the brewing of arak. They were also told to follow rules about brewing tjieuw at sugar mills and elsewhere in the highlands, according to regulations from
22 April 1768 and
6 October, as far as this was practically possible.
Regarding the supply of provisions, the usual provisions of rice and poultry for His Excellency, the current governor-general and the highly respected director-general
Alting, would from now on be supplied only in rice according to previous arrangements. The resident of
Pacalong,
Bruistens, was already instructed to take care of the missing last 3 months of this year at the first good opportunity.
The merchant and
Grissee resident
Barend Willem Fockens was required to explain the reasons why the people of
Rottinee would see it as half a torture when a minister visited them.
The 600 pairs of good quality men's shoes that were requested - specifically 400 pairs with flat toes and 200 pairs with round toes - were already being made and would be sent by sea at the first opportunity.
Regarding certain people transported to the main place on the ship
De Behemot according to a submission from
1 June, a report from prosecutor
Nicolaas Alexander Zeliveld showed that only the following were known to be escaped slaves:
The report also mentioned:
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3497 / 0298
The Dutch East India Company dealt with two financial accounts. The state of the Larvenier Proveniershuis (a charitable institution) had a capital of
ultimo February 1716 of 424:19 guilders. According to a resolution from
21 March, the account showed more expenses than income. Expenses included a major repair in 1775 that cost 467:12 guilders. By
ultimo February 1777, the account stood at 1802:23 guilders. The account would be further affected by income from:
- The bazaar in the city
- Various land council fines
- Half of the fine imposed on the Sumanaps Regent
The city treasury stood at 639:1 guilders on
ultimo February 1776. According to the resolution of
21 March, despite various extra expenses, the account improved by 2:17:8 guilders. On
ultimo February 1777, it closed with a favorable balance of 641:18:8 guilders. This treasury was funded by income from wagon lease payments and half a month's house rent.
At the session of
21 March and
22 December 1777, the upper street masters were authorized to have pebbles and sand supplied for maintaining roads within the city. The Equipage Master was to be paid from the city treasury: 1¼ guilders for a large boat of coarse sand and 1½ guilders for pebbles.
At the session of
11 October, the Mandadoor of the chain gang workers, who were employed to do city work, was allocated 2 ducatons per month for housing, since neither the company nor the city provided a place for them to stay.
Regarding the arrack distillery, the company decided by letter of
6 October to maintain its decision to break up the arrack distillery. The distilling of the drink was stopped directly and the distillery itself was demolished, as confirmed by a report from judicial commissioners who conducted an on-site inspection.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3497 / 0296
On 22 December 1777, a regulation was sent to all lower-ranking offices with necessary remarks for the leaders themselves. This included a recommendation to encourage the community to be generous toward the poor, but this had little effect so far, as could be seen from earlier church matters that were noted down.
Meanwhile, former estate administrators and administrators of orphan and church deacon funds had investigated and reported back, as requested, about which of the mortgages under their management were sufficient and which debtors had good guarantors or not. On 11 October of the previous year, each administrator was told through a resolution to ensure without delay that money owed on expired or over-valued mortgages would be collected and paid. Where guarantors had died or were insufficient, new ones should be appointed or the capital itself should be demanded. They were to submit a written report by the end of the month so that collected money that was lying idle could be invested more securely. This authority was given by a letter dated 10 June of that year.
The church treasury, which had stood at 1,619 rijksdaalders and 27 stuivers at the end of February 1776, had decreased because regular expenses and repairs to the church and minister's house had exceeded income of only 516 rijksdaalders, 18 stuivers, and 4 penningen by 68 rijksdaalders, 41 stuivers, and 12 penningen. By the end of February 1777, according to the account inserted in the resolution of 21 March, the treasury held only 1,550 rijksdaalders, 33 stuivers, and 4 penningen. By the middle of that month, it had decreased further to only 583 rijksdaalders, 21 stuivers, and 8 penningen.
This was because payment had been made for repair, improvement, and enlargement of the organ. A committee consisting of merchant Nicolaas Alexander Leliveld and junior merchant Martinus Leonardus Gaaswijck had inspected the organ and carefully examined everything. In their report they confirmed that the 1,116 rijksdaalders charged by the maker were well deserved. At the meeting on 11 November, senior merchant and chief administrator Johan Michiel van Panhuis, serving as church warden, was authorized to pay that amount.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3497 / 0294
On
22 December 1777, there was nothing to note.
The Council of Justice of this Government had nothing at that moment that required the high attention of their High Honors, so they moved on to a brief report on the state of the other boards and charitable institutions in this place.
The capital of the orphan masters on
1 February 1776 had been 71,032 reichsdalers, 18 stuivers. According to the financial statement received at the meeting of
21 March of the previous year, due to more money paid out than received (3,024 reichsdalers, 27 stuivers, 3 penningen), the capital on
ultimo February 1777 remained 68,078 reichsdalers, 38 stuivers, 13 penningen. The surplus interest of 121 reichsdalers, 40 stuivers, 15 penningen had also increased through more expenses than income to 19 reichsdalers, 32 stuivers, 15 penningen. However, since that Board had about 62,175 reichsdalers outstanding on mortgages and otherwise, the account would apparently have increased again by the next calculation.
The capital of the estate administrators on
ultimo February 1776 had been 12,156 reichsdalers, 46 stuivers. According to the financial statement included in the Resolution of
21 March of the previous year, also through more expenses than income (1,011 reichsdalers, 44 stuivers), it was reduced on
ultimo February 1777 to 11,145 reichsdalers, 2 stuivers. Of this amount, 7,400 reichsdalers were actually outstanding on various mortgages.
The capital of the deacons for the poor on
ultimo February 1776 had increased to 15,996 reichsdalers. According to the financial statement inserted in the resolution of
14 April, because the income exceeded the expenses by 38 reichsdalers, 5 stuivers, it increased on
ultimo February 1777 to 16,034 reichsdalers, 5 stuivers. However, on
ultimo November just past, it was only 14,903 reichsdalers, 4 stuivers, 8 penningen (of which 12,840 reichsdalers were outstanding). This reduction occurred because the ordinary donations and collections decreased while expenses continued to increase. This had also been noticeable in the previous year. Therefore, the administrators of the poor relief, at the request of the Governor, prepared a report of the ordinary donations collected at all offices from
1 March 1776 to
ultimo February 1777. According to this report, during the 12-month period:
- In Semarang alone: 2,099 reichsdalers, 9 stuivers were collected
- At all other offices and posts: only 1,346 reichsdalers, 30 stuivers
- Total collected: 3,445 reichsdalers, 39 stuivers
- Spent on maintenance of orphans and other needy people: 5,402 reichsdalers, 24 stuivers
- Amount overspent: 1,956 reichsdalers, 32 stuivers
Since then, copies of that report had been sent for consideration.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3497 / 0292
- On 22 December 1777, several church visits were carried out by appointed visitors.
- According to engineer Sustenam, a building needed to be demolished and rebuilt because the old one had become too small.
- The new building would be enlarged as much as the land within the Lodge allowed, to a length of 6 rods and 5 feet, and a width of 2 rods and 8 feet.
- They requested approval for the calculated sum of 2,783 riksdaalders and 24 stuivers, not including the heavy timber work, which the administrators of Paccalongang, Batang, and Wieradessa had already agreed to supply.
- Regarding church matters this year, the church visit in the upper lands was carried out by preacher Johannes Lipsius, and in the west in Paccalongang and Tagal by preacher Hermanus Wachter on his return journey to Batavia.
- In Sourabaija, the sacrament of baptism was administered by preacher Wolter Hendrik Tenking, who was there with the ship Westfriesland.
- The trading posts Grissee, Passourouang, Banjoewangie, Paccalongang, and Joana had no visitor for the sick, which meant public worship had stopped and the youth missed necessary education and grew up in ignorance.
- They therefore felt obliged to respectfully request that they be provided with at least 5 visitors for the sick, who should be sober and capable persons.
- The careful observation of the gift collection for the poor had led to the conclusion that public worship was not being properly maintained at the trading posts and the poor were being neglected.
- On 16 September, they decided, and by circular letter of 25 September, they ordered everywhere not only to attend public worship regularly, but to maintain it on all Sundays and feast days at the usual times and places.
- If public worship was neglected or suspended without lawful reason, the heads of the respective trading posts would have to pay a fine of 10 silver carved ducatons for the poor for each instance.
- The church council was also authorized to inform the visitors for the sick at all trading posts of this and to instruct them to report every 6 months, or whenever the poor boxes were opened and the money sent, how many times and when they were allowed to conduct worship services, with the reasons why services might have been postponed.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3497 / 0290
On 22 December 1777, Sustman would have buildings completed in Cheribon. The construction of the lodges at the Courts was progressing.
Rice amounts were recorded from several places:
- From Joana: 504.5 koyangs
- From Japara: 630 koyangs
- From Tagal: 330.5 koyangs
- From Paccalongang: 649 koyangs
- Total: 4092.25 koyangs
This did not include rice transported on the Company's ships for permitted loads of the authorities or other purposes, nor a large quantity of other local crops that this coast exported. They trusted that Batavia would be sufficiently supplied with Javanese products and that Your High Honors would be satisfied.
Lieutenant Engineer Fredrik Sustman would be provided with further requirements when he returned from the island of Noessa and from the eastern corner. They would answer Your High Honors' further inquiries about the fort and the buildings in Cheribon.
Two reports from the Residents at Souracarta and Djokjocarta were offered, showing how far the lodges being built by the susuhunan and the Sultan respectively at their Courts had progressed.
Building work completed on the coastal trading posts included:
- At Samarang: only ordinary repairs were done during this year to maintain the buildings in good condition, including work on the rice warehouse which was still ongoing
- At Sourabaija: Fort Belvidera was renewed, the fortification wall and revetment were improved, the navigation lodge was rebuilt, and work was currently underway on the trade and pay office, the prison, and the jailer's residence
- At Grissee and Rembang: the lodge, buildings, and warehouses received the agreed repairs and improvements
- At Ioana: the flagpole was renewed and the platform in front of the lodge was repaired and enlarged, costing 247 guilders, 2 stuivers, and 8 penningen according to the specification
- At Japara: the powder house was repaired for the agreed sum of 144 guilders and 16 stuivers according to the specification
- At Paccalongang: the rice warehouse was now in such a state that nothing more could be done to keep it standing, as it threatened to collapse at any moment according to the Lieutenant's report
They hoped for approval for writing off both repair amounts in the account books of those trading posts.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3497 / 0288
On
22 December 1777, a report was made about shipping traffic to and from the north coast of Java. Compared to the previous year, all arriving vessels were properly inspected.
As a result of another successful harvest of all local products in general, and especially of rice, the shipping and trade on this coast in this year was just as favorable as in the previous 3 fertile years.
The following vessels traveled to and from the north coast:
- To Samarang: 135 arrived, 166 departed
- To Sourabaija: 51 arrived, 181 departed
- Total: 253 arrived, 498 departed
These were barges, sloops, pantjallangs and smaller vessels.
In comparison, in 1776, 274 vessels had arrived and 422 had departed. So in 1777, 21 fewer vessels arrived directly, but 76 more departed.
The small ships that arrived directly at
Samarang from the north coast were all inspected by appointed judicial officials. According to reports noted in resolutions of this year, no smuggled goods were brought in.
Vessels departing from
Samarang,
Sourabaija and
Grissee transported, according to their travel documents and among other local products, 4,073.5 coyangs of rice.
From
Grissee, 67 vessels arrived and 151 departed.
The rice was transported to the following destinations:
- 797.5 coyangs to Batavia
- 830 coyangs to Malacca
- 594 coyangs to Palembang
- 785 coyangs to Johor
- 619 coyangs to Trangano
- 27 coyangs to Riouw
- 12 coyangs to Camper
- 24.5 coyangs to Indragirie
- 93 coyangs to Bliton
- 15.5 coyangs to Manpauwa
- 46 coyangs to Cotte
- 43 coyangs to Passier
- 30 coyangs to Banjermassing
- 110 coyangs to Siac
- 14 coyangs to Balij
- 15 coyangs to Bima
- 18 coyangs to Pontianak
- 18 coyangs to Sambas
Additionally, private traders transported rice to
Batavia according to records:
- From Samarang: 1,785.25 coyangs
- From Rembang: 19 coyangs
- From Sourabaija: 117 coyangs
- From Grissee: 57 coyangs
The total transported was 1,978.25 coyangs.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3497 / 0286
On
22 December 1777, the authorities requested permission to sell 5 iron blunderbusses (of which 1 was unusable), 16 rifles of various sorts, 3 Balinese rifles, 4 pairs of pistols (all unusable), and 31 pikes with staffs (unusable), along with 50 items without identification. Following their decision from
11 November, they had the usable goods registered with the Artillery and weapons storage, while the unusable items were marked as such in the books. Although the following items were judged to be in working condition, they were of no use or service to the company:
- 2 metal cannons of ½ pound
- 4 iron cannons of ½ pound
- 6 metal swivel guns
- 2 copper blunderbusses
- 4 iron blunderbusses
- 16 rifles of various sorts
- 3 Balinese rifles
They requested permission to sell these items publicly for the benefit of the Company to company subordinates who could still use them for defense of their vessels.
On
22 December 1777 in
Banda, there were no interested buyers.
Regarding private free trade and commerce, they reported as a follow-up to their previous submission of
22 November that no interested parties had been found in
Samarang, in the eastern corner, or at any of the residencies to transport rice to
Banda on behalf of the company for 10 rijksdaalders plus 100 pounds spillage per coyang. They did not expect that Javanese traders would step forward for this, nor to transport rice to
Banda or other eastern governments on their own account, despite all possible efforts to encourage them. They had announced everywhere that although the company would not buy the rice in
Banda for 50 rijksdaalders per coyang, the selling price was set at 40 rijksdaalders per coyang for servants, planters, and citizens, and 50 rijksdaalders per coyang for foreigners, free of tolls on import and export. They regretted that they could not better fulfill the intentions and supply unfortunate
Banda abundantly with rice.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3497 / 0284
The executors were ordered to carry out the orders. Nothing further needed to be noted about pirates, except what had already been mentioned. The profits from goods recovered from a certain shipwreck were distributed according to the orders on 22 December 1777, which gave great satisfaction, and proper thanks were expressed. The Surabaya officials were informed about matters concerning Surabaya, and they were ordered to carry out the orders. The originally agreed lease period for that district was to remain in effect for the benefit of the Company. The regent named Sumanap was ordered not only to make the tenant pay back the income that he had wrongfully taken, but also to pay a fine of 1,000 Spanish reals for the benefit of the Deacons' Poor Relief and the Almshouse.
During this year, no foreign Europeans were reported along Java except for the English two-masted bark The Naneij at Japara, which had been mentioned in the submission of 3 June. Regarding pirates and raids, nothing more needed to be said beyond what had been noted earlier in response to the letter extract from Patria dated 30 October 1776. Concerning the salvaged goods from the vessel or wreck that ran aground between Touban and Passum, which was believed to have belonged to pirates (last mentioned in the submission of the end of August), it was reported that after the Council of Justice declared the goods forfeited, the net proceeds (after deducting all costs) amounted to 1,946 rixdollars and 24 stuivers. Following the instructions given in the letter of 10 June, the money was divided as follows: one-third to the finder, one-third to the prosecutor, and one-third transferred to the Company's treasury in favor of the account for patrol vessels. However, this was all done with the condition that restitution would be made if rightful owners ever appeared. They hoped this would be approved.
The goods captured during the conquest of the island of Noessa and sent by the Surabaya officials consisted of:
- 1 iron cannon of 8 pounds
- 4 metal cannons of ½ pound
- 2 metal cannons of ½ pound
- 16 metal swivel guns, of which 10 were unusable
- 3 iron small mortars, unusable
- 3 cannonballs of various types
- 30 round shot of various types
- 3 copper blunderbusses, of which 1 was unusable
- 5 pieces (text incomplete)
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3497 / 0282
- On 22 December 1777, certain goods were to be returned in Batavia.
- Writings about goods from privateering vessels were received and approved.
- The spent gunpowder amounted to 46 guilders 9 stuivers 8 penningen. The rest from the estate of the curator of that tax, totaling 105 guilders, was charged to the main office for collection by the guardians there, who administered the estate of the deceased commander Pieter Luzac.
- Various items from previous books were written off, and the authorities were asked to allow new privateering activities.
- Ammunition, weapons, equipment and other goods from Semarang were consumed, wasted, lost or damaged by privateers fighting pirates along the coast from Lossarie to Touban, as shown by various declarations and an attached statement from the business transferor Ambrosius Pieter Tulleken van Hogenhouck.
- The total amount in money was 1,250 guilders 10 stuivers 8 penningen.
- Regarding domains, leases and tolls, the revenues from Madura, the recognition payments from Oeloedjami, Panaroekan and Besoekie, the tjatjas and calangers money, and the lease payments up to the end of Grissee and elsewhere had all been received and properly accounted for.
- Ian Tjingko was appointed as head of the Chinese at Grissee and was left in that position until the end of the current lease period, holding both the harbor offices at Grissee and the rice lease there and at Sidaijoe, which his deceased predecessor had held.
- The circular order of 1 July last stated that double toll had to be charged and paid on Chinese goods not brought from Batavia. This order was sent everywhere and recommended to the lease holders at all offices for their observance.
- The tax collector was also instructed to ensure that bird's nests delivered for recognition income were drier than those recently brought to Batavia on the ship Beemstervaart.
- The regent of Sumanap, Pangerang Notto Coessomo, was corrected for his disobedient behavior regarding the recommended transfer of the salt village Pinger-pappas to the captain of the Chinese at Sourabaija, Hang Boeijko, on 22 December 1787.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3497 / 0280
- 22 December 1770: The officials renewed orders through a circular letter dated 1 December and recommended their execution in the same way as was introduced and done in Semarang. To achieve this, they sent model copies of accounts and journal entries from the books of this main office.
- For the eastern corner (Oosthoek), they added specially designed models showing how the regents, who were required to deliver products for free, should be charged in the books annually in January and then relieved month by month for what they delivered. This way, they could always see in the books what each regent had fulfilled of his obligation and what he still owed. This applied not only to the monthly remaining balance records.
- The pay books from the eastern corner for the year 1770/1771, which had been missing from their earlier submission of 3 November and therefore not sent to the main office, were later received in Semarang. These would follow at the first opportunity in the coming spring.
- In the meantime, these books and those from other offices were reviewed by commissioners: merchant and fiscal Nicolaas Alexander van Leliveld and junior merchant and second warehouse master Androsius Pieter Tulleken van Hogenhouck.
- 22 December 1777: When the books were reviewed and compared against the trade books, no errors of importance were found. However, in the eastern corner, the pay books showed 1,447 rijksdaalders and 5 stuivers more charged than what was written off in the trade books for pay.
- Although this difference favored the Company, they did not want to burden needy servants with unjust charges. Therefore, they ordered the officials in Surabaya to investigate and provide clarification about where this difference came from and whether it was their fault.
- They awaited with humble request the findings of the trade books from this coast for 1774/1775 and following book years.
- Regarding the findings from 1772/1773, they mentioned a compensation that had been approved in the margin notes for what was written off at the Company's expense in Surabaya for fireworks on the occasion of the first birthday of the illustrious hereditary prince and stadtholder.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3497 / 0278
On
22 December 1770, officials reported on their examination of trading books. A tax rule was confirmed: when goods were sold to foreigners, a 10 percent tax would apply, but when sold to employees of the Company, only a 5 percent tax (the twentieth penny) would be charged.
The trading books from the coast for the years 1767 had been sent to headquarters on the ship
Landskroon on
3 November. Two commissioners, chief merchant and head administrator
Johan Michiel van Panhuis and junior merchant and payroll bookkeeper
Lodewijk Reaal de Bas, examined and compared these books according to proper procedures. They submitted their report with decisions made at the session of
1 December, which they requested be approved.
Specific approval was requested for two matters:
- Regarding Japara: clarification was needed about the accounts of the Regents who, according to the books as of the end of August, still owed ƒ2,272:18:8 each, or ƒ4,545:17:- total, for rice deliveries. However, Resident Willem van der Beke reported in his monthly outstanding accounts that they had already fulfilled their rice quota before the books closed and owed nothing more.
- Regarding Rembang: the current Resident Willem Adriaan Palm was authorized to settle 1,225 beams in the current books as previous year's income. The forest chiefs appeared to owe these 1,225 beams more in the books as of the end of August than they actually did according to the outstanding accounts. The previous Resident Willem van Hogendorp had explained in writing before leaving for Batavia that the forest people had indeed delivered these 1,225 beams and they had been used for ships under construction and on the building slips, but they were incorrectly not credited to them nor recorded as ship expenses.
These differences and other errors found by the commissioners showed that the orders from
11 August 1775 were not being followed at any of the timber residencies. Those orders required that Regents be debited for the number of beams they were obligated to deliver and credited for those they actually delivered. Similarly, the accounting practice at several offices wrongly failed to debit and credit Regents with the number of koyangs of rice they delivered for payment.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3497 / 0276
On 22 December 1717, a request was made to forgive the debt for the Regents of Paccabongang and Batang concerning wooden beams. Light timber work was offered. A list of prices for products from the coast was also submitted, with a request for approval or changes.
The request asked to forgive 300 to 350 beams that the Regents of Paccalongang and Batang together would still owe according to calculations. They would pay the shipping price for these beams, calculated for beams of 25 feet at the required current price.
A detailed price list for timber work, including planks and light beams that would be bought outside the fixed quotas, was provided as requested in a letter from 11 June. The Governor had also prepared a document listing the prices and taxes for products and goods from the coast. This document was submitted for approval or changes, so that a regulation could be created ensuring all trading posts would follow the same procedures.
Orders against excessive transport of timber by private individuals and the cutting down of too much young wood were approved and would be strictly observed and enforced.
From the Regents of Paccalongang and Batang, as well as from others, no curved planks and stave lumber would be accepted for the quotas. The instructions from the letter of 11 June regarding forest inspections would be followed.
The communities were informed through notices that from now on, without special permission, no ships larger than 10 loads could be built by private individuals anywhere along the coast. It was also announced that following a decision from 6 October, the 10 percent tax on newly built ships introduced in 1774 was withdrawn. In the future, only the traditional fees for keel-laying, stem-setting, and launching would be charged, but the Lord's fees would have to be paid for all ships.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3497 / 0274
- On 22 December 1777, the authorities continued discussing matters related to wood and forest management.
- The Regent of Coedus had successfully encouraged a man to take up timber cutting work, which was unusual and difficult for the local people. The authorities believed this proved that local inhabitants could be persuaded to do many things when treated with kindness and gentle guidance.
- Following the plan for forest conservation made according to the resolution of 14 April, arrangements had been made for the supply of wood.
- From the local council treasury, 30 pairs of buffaloes were purchased for the Regents of Samarang, Caliwoengo, and Candal together, and 50 pairs of buffaloes for the Regent of Coedus.
- The Regent Radeen Tommongong wirja Diningrat showed great willingness and agreed to supply 500 timber beams per year from the forests of Japara and Joana near his regency.
- He also promised to deliver 12 picols of cotton yarn per year, in addition to his existing obligation of 10 picols of his best indigo, or as much as the crop and production of this dye in the villages specifically designated for this purpose would yield.
- He signed a formal contract for these obligations, and a copy was offered to the High Authorities.
- The Regent of Toubang, Tommongong Pourbo Nagara, made a reasonable request for a reduction in his rice quota. He explained that because 13 forests with their villages in his district had been set aside exclusively for the Company, he would lose the rice that the inhabitants would have supplied.
- It was becoming increasingly difficult for him to meet his quota of 100 koyangs of rice each year, as little rice was grown in Toubang itself and the supply from Djiepang and other lands of the princes was now less than in previous times.
- He was often forced to buy rice in the eastern region and elsewhere to meet his obligations, as had happened that year.
- The authorities suggested that his rice quota could be reduced from 100 to 60 or 70 koyangs, subject to approval by the High Authorities.
- According to the resolution of 14 April, the forest heads of Rembang would be released from delivering 300 to 400 timber beams, provided they returned the buffalo payments they had already received.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3497 / 0272
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