Users of Open Archives can have summaries generated from the recognized texts (transcriptions) produced through text recognition (OCR) and handwriting recognition (HTR). Neither of these artificial intelligence tasks is perfect, but they are often more than sufficient to make the historical document understandable. In the transcripts, names are underlined in green and clickable (to search the personal entries on Open Archives for the name in question), the recognized dates have a light gray background and recognized place names have a light purple background. The results of the application of (European) artificial intelligence have not been verified by a human.
On 10 September 1727, a report from Malacca detailed the arrival of several traders:
- A local resident arrived with a ballo (small boat) and 15 crew from Riouw in 7 days, bringing no goods but carrying letters from Daijeeng Marewa and the captain of the shipwrecked vessel Risdam, addressed to the governor and council of Malacca.
- On 7 March, a Chinese trader named Touwsoong, a resident of Riouw, arrived with a ballo and 6 crew in 7 days, also bringing no goods.
- On 10 September, Intje Malim, a Malay resident of Pannij, arrived via a conting (small ship) with 10 crew after 87 days, delivering 21,200 bundles of bindrotting (a type of fiber).
- On 24 February, Pasqual de Rosairo, a local citizen, traveled via a pantjallang (small boat) with 6 crew from Bencalis in 3 days, bringing no goods.
- On 12 September, Siemqua, a Chinese resident of Liam, arrived with a roekoe (small vessel) and 20 crew after 60 days, delivering:
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 8611 / 0188
On
29 November 1726, a list of documents was sent from
Siam to
Batavia aboard the ships
Coning Carel and
Risdam. These papers were addressed to the highly respected
Governor-General Matthijs de Haan and the honorable council of the
Dutch East India Company in the Dutch East Indies.
The documents included:
- A signed original letter from the chief officer and council of the trading post in Siam to the high government in Batavia, dated 29 September 1726.
- A copy of letters written by the residents of Ligor to the chief officer and council of the trading post in Siam.
- A list of requested supplies for the kings of Berk, as well as for the trading posts in Siam and Ligor, for the years 1727 and 1728.
- An original handover record from the outgoing chief officer, merchant Prageman, to his replacement, merchant Cock, dated 31 October 1726.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 2051 / 0543
On 4 May 1726, a Dutch ship called the Hoogermeer was sent back from Samarang (on the island of Java) to Rembang and then to Batavia. The ship carried the following goods:
- From Rembang:
- 46 bundles of thin wooden planks called swalpen
- 20 anchor stock beams
- 42 heavy ship knees (curved wooden supports)
- 10 heavy wooden blocks for ships
- 60 ship supports
- 3,080 curved braces with two bends
- 2 bundles of sawed Chinese planks
- 2 small cannons (numbers 38 and 39)
- From Samarang:
- 7,192 pounds of round pepper
- 1,000 bundles of light wooden planks called legger duigen
- 1 coil of thick rope called caijertouw
The total cost of these goods was 4,294 guilders, 11 stuivers, and 8 pennies, as listed in the invoices and receipts included with the document. Additional expenses for the ship in Samarang amounted to 447 guilders and 19 stuivers. The writers—P. G. Kroodt, H. Cool, D. Paradijs, Andries Johannes Sauer, P. Vereeke, and Willem Nuijts—respectfully requested payment for these costs from their superiors in Batavia.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 7810 / 0302
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 7810 / 0301
On 18 October 1726, Hendrik Schoon, a skipper working for the East India Company (EComp), was currently stationed on the ship Risdam in Judja. He declared the following in writing:
The document was signed in Judja on 1 November 1726 by Hendrik Schoon and verified in the Bassora daily register (entry 46) by Letront with 46 lecuers (a type of currency).
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 2041 / 0327
On
29 November 1726, a list of official documents was sent from
Siam to
Batavia aboard the ships
Coning Carel and
Risdam. These papers were addressed to the highly respected
Governor-General Matthijs de Haan and the honorable council members of the
Dutch East India Company in the Dutch East Indies.
The documents included:
- An original letter from the local chief and council of the Dutch East India Company in Siam, dated 29 September 1726, sent to the high government in Batavia via the Coning Carel.
- A copy of letters written by the Dutch representatives in Ligor to the chief and council of the company in Siam for the year 1726.
- A list of requested supplies for the King of Berk, as well as for the trading posts in Siam and Ligor, for the years 1727 and 1728.
- An original handover document from the outgoing chief, merchant Prageman, to his replacement, merchant Cock, dated 31 October 1726.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 2051 / 0541
In
1681, a group of
horse traders from Ayutthaya (Siam), including their assistants and servants—totaling 8 people—arrived in the Dutch East Indies aboard the ship
Rijsdam. Their mission was to buy horses along the east coast of
Java on behalf of the
Japanese Emperor, as approved by the local Dutch authorities (
the Council of the Indies).
To support this trade, the Dutch provided:
- A loan of 1,800 rijksdaalders (to be repaid by the court later).
- Instructions to officials in Semarang to assist the traders.
- A specific order to secure at least:
matching the quality, height, and size outlined in a recent document from Japan.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 2023 / 0343
On February 17, 1730, a record was made in the Dutch trading office in Masulipatnam (a Dutch trading post in India) regarding a shipment issue.
- The document notes a loss of goods during transport:
- The people involved (Comparanten, meaning the parties making the statement) confirmed the details were true and were ready to verify them further if needed.
The document was officially recorded in the presence of two witnesses:
The statement was signed by:
On the same day, the involved parties appeared again before Eerste Clercq and the witnesses. The original statement was read aloud to them word for word, and they confirmed its accuracy without requesting any changes.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 2151 / 0553
On January 31, 1730, Hermanus Dirk de Vos, the first sworn clerk at the secretariat, officially recorded a statement in the presence of two witnesses: assistants Jacobus van der Willigen and Gerrit van Alst, both employees of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) at the local office.
The two assistants reported they had been assigned to supervise the opening and weighing of a sack of an inferior type of nutmeg called raapfoelie (or macis). This sack had arrived in Amsterdam aboard the ship Maria, under Captain Chialoup, on March 4, 1729.
When the sack was weighed upon arrival in Amsterdam, the gross weight was 144 pounds. After opening and cleaning the contents, the assistants found:
The total gross weight after accounting for these losses was adjusted to 141 pounds, though the expected weight based on records was 154 pounds.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 2151 / 0552
- The text describes a detailed order list (likely from the Dutch East India Company (VOC)) for various high-quality fabrics and goods to be traded in Asia, primarily in India, Southeast Asia, and Japan.
- Fabrics and textiles were a major focus, with specific demands for:
- Sarasa (a type of printed cotton cloth) in fine, medium, and lower qualities, with the finest being most valued. Colors included floral patterns, white, blue, green, violet, and dark red. Standard lengths ranged from 4 to 7 asta (a unit of measurement), with widths around 5–6 span (another unit). Quantities ordered:
- Other fabrics included:
- Special requests:
- 50 pieces of Siamese badin (as per previous samples sent to Coromandel Coast).
- 100 packs of assorted Goulong fabric, including large and fine lape cloths from China and Japan.
- 20 packs of fine lape Laij de Chinde (5 asta long) and 14 packs of lower-quality versions for Jambi.
- Clothing and garments were also ordered in large quantities:
- 2,000 complete shirts (fine, medium, and coarse) for officers, soldiers, and sailors, each with buttons.
- 2,000 white linen trousers (fine, medium, and coarse).
- 20 pieces of Guynees linen (similar to recent shipments from the Coromandel Coast).
- 60 pieces of fine red petas and Dragas Gabaer (but no blue or "frangij" types).
- 124 pieces of Negros Cleeden Taxisscher (likely tax-paid cloth).
- 1,500 white, 1,500 red, and 1,500 dark blue Chinese cangans (or ponticastella), each 2 vadem (a Dutch unit, ~6.5 ft) long and 1 asta wide.
- Other goods included:
- As much rice as possible, packed in large empty martavan jars (a type of ceramic container).
- A "good portion" of saltpeter (for gunpowder mills in Amboina).
- Sulfur for the return voyage, if feasible.
- Indigo dye—preferably the best quality, but lower quality was acceptable if necessary.
- 150 pounds of spun cotton thread (15–25 Pagode per bundle) and raw cotton for sampling.
- 100 chestnut loads of Bossecruijt (a type of wood or herb) as a sample.
- 200–300 pounds of borax (with a black bear label, as per the sample).
- Human labor was also part of the order:
- As many people as possible, especially young boys and girls, strong young men, and young women—but no elderly—for Timor.
- The goods were intended for annual trade in regions including Molacca (Malacca), Amboina, Banda, Java, Siam (Thailand), Patani (Pattani), and the Netherlands, sourced from the Coromandel Coast.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 1069 / 0251
In the mid-19th century, the Dutch colonial government agreed to support the Sultan of Siak in Sumatra in exchange for certain rights and payments.
- The Dutch would withdraw their forces but retain the right to collect taxes in the region of Huleng, estimated at a certain amount.
- A new tax regulation would be introduced in the area, covering land and export duties, free from additional local fees, pending further approval if needed.
- Payments were made to the Sultan of Siak and his deputy:
- 25 June 1858: The Sultan received 15,825 guilders (1,500 Mexican dollars).
- The deputy received 2,550 guilders (1,000 Mexican dollars).
- Instructions were issued to the commander of Manghalis on the island of Barus on 16 August 1858.
- Official reports from the government of Sumatra’s West Coast and its dependencies were submitted for the years 1852, 1853, and 1854.
Key documents and decisions were recorded between 21 August 1858 and 3 September 1858.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 2.10.02 / 9200 / 0140
On 28 February 1727, in Malacca, Hermanus van Suchtelen and his council sent a report to Mattheus de Haan, the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies in Batavia, along with the council members. The report included the following:
- An original letter with the same date (28 February 1727).
- A copy of a letter dated 31 January 1727, sent via the pachiallang (envoy) of the King of Johor from Malacca.
- A report given on 12 February 1727 to the general secretariat by:
both survivors from the ship Risdam, which sank near Soulo Gadia, across from Soulo Simon. They arrived in Malacca on a Portuguese ship named Nossa Senhora de Conceição.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 8611 / 0022
On 17 June 1274 (Dutch calendar, equivalent to 1726 in the modern calendar), the following ships and personnel were recorded in a Dutch trading log:
- The merchants Rennet and Walerius Nicolai, along with:
were sent to Tambij on the fluyt (cargo ship) Risdam, then onward to Ligor and Siam (modern-day Thailand). They replaced a second officer, junior merchant Harmanus Blom Junior, who was returning to the Dutch Republic ("Vaderland"). All were employed by the Chamber of Amsterdam (a division of the Dutch East India Company, or VOC) and traveled on the fluyt Bellevliet.
- Ships arriving from Palembang (on 23 June):
- The fluyt Susanna,
- The ship Stadwyk,
- The small vessel (patchiall) Suikermaler,
- The fluyt Strijkebolle (carrying 8 units of cargo to "Land van Beloften"—likely a local name for a destination).
- Other ship movements:
- From Bengal: the ship Schuijtwijck and the patchiall Wonoerama (carrying 10 units of cargo).
- From Samarang (modern Semarang, Indonesia):
- The ship Thuis ter Boede (carrying 15 units of cargo) to Cheribon (modern Cirebon, Indonesia).
- The ship Wijnendaal (carrying 17 units of cargo).
- The small yacht Constantia (carrying 19 units of cargo) to Ceylon (modern Sri Lanka).
- The fluyt Amazone (carrying 20 units of cargo) to Bantam (modern Banten, Indonesia).
- A ship named de Aannet (carrying 5018 units of cargo, though the destination is unclear).
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 2038 / 0057
In January 1726, several ships arrived in Batavia (modern-day Jakarta) from different locations:
- January 2: The fluyt (cargo ship) Risdam arrived from an unspecified location.
- January 4: A Portuguese brigantine named Loreto arrived from Siam (modern-day Thailand).
- January 6: The fluyt Hogermeer arrived from São Tomé.
- January 11: The ship Strijkebolle arrived from Siam.
- January 17: The ship Kiefhoek arrived from the Dutch homeland, sailing for the Chamber of Enkhuizen (a division of the Dutch East India Company).
- January 18: The ship Saxenburg arrived from Bantam (modern-day Banten, Indonesia).
- January 21: The fluyt 't Raadhuis van Vlissingen arrived from Bengal.
- January 23: The ship Coning Carel arrived from Bengal.
- January 24: The ship 't Huys de Vlotter arrived from Padang (on the west coast of Sumatra).
- January 25: The ship Magdalena arrived from the Dutch homeland, sailing for the Chamber of Enkhuizen.
- The ships Camerhoorn and Witsburg arrived from the Dutch homeland, sailing for the Chamber of Hoorn (another division of the Dutch East India Company).
- January 26: The French ship Saint Louis arrived from Canton (modern-day Guangzhou, China).
- January 28: The yacht Constantia arrived from an unspecified location.
- January 30: The fluyt Nederhoven arrived as one of the return ships (carrying goods back to the Netherlands) via Ceylon (modern-day Sri Lanka), coming from Persia and Waterfiscal (likely a port or region in Persia).
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 2038 / 0102
In
November 1724, several ships arrived in
Batavia (now
Jakarta), including:
- November 3: The Limburg, a ship from Cheribon (now Cirebon).
- A small boat (chialoup) from Rembang via Samarang (now Semarang).
- The Comcommer, a ship from Amboina (now Ambon).
- November 5: The Sernoek, a small dispatch boat from Cheribon.
- November 6: The Langerak, a small boat from Tanjongpoera (now Tanjung Priok) or Demond from the Cradangase River.
- November 7: The Vleugel, a small boat from Jambij with the local ruler (Pangerang Depattij) and the Hillegonda, a ship from the Netherlands for the Chamber of Hoorn.
- November 8: The Kiefhoek, a ship from Tagal.
- November 12: The Ostendenaer and Laamadjang, dispatch boats from Samarang.
- November 15: The Risdam, a ship from Indramagoe (now Indramayu) and the Ketel, a small boat from Samarang.
- November 16: The Goram, a dispatch boat from Cheribon, and the Schoteroog, a frigate from Poelo Chincko.
- November 17: The English ship James and January from England via Bancahoeloe (now Bengkulu).
- November 21: The Bagger, a dispatch boat from Samarang.
- November 23: A small boat (chialoup) from Samarang.
- November 26: The Blijdorp, a ship from Cheribon.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 2020 / 0024
- In November 1724, a list recorded ships and smaller boats docked at the Rheede in Batavia (modern-day Jakarta).
- The Dutch ships included:
- Cheepen Limburg, De Kiefhoek, Hillegonde, De Ketel, Langerode, Hogermeer, Amazone, Gansenhoef, Abbekerk, Risdam, and De Windhond.
- Vrieswyk, Crooswijk, Noordwaddinx, Leijden, Bendveld, Berkenrode, Barbesteijn, Prattenburg, Commernst, Wickenburg, Haarlem, Heijnkensant, Hogenes, Barbice, and Valkenisse from Noordbeek.
- Foreign ships included:
- English ships: Patchiall Ramisgatte, Iames en Marij (11 ships), and smaller boats like Passourouang, De Beschermen, De Veerman, and Ontong Java.
- Other foreign vessels: De Haij Pantchiall, De Snaek, De Oostendenaer, Lamadjang Gorane, De Bagger, De Vleugel (a lighter boat), and Comcommer from Langerak.
- Chinese junks: Chialoupen from Samarang and Dereur.
- Fluits (a type of Dutch cargo ship): Schoteroog, De Hopvogel, Terhorst, Johanna Margareta, and Waar Natos.
- Some ships had specific destinations:
- The ship Blijdorp departed from Batavia in November 1724.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 2020 / 0025
An official report from Bengal, sent by the Chief Merchant and Head of the Trading Post Johannes Thedens, was recently received. A copy of this report was shared as requested.
- The report demanded 35,000 pounds of long pepper for trade in Patna.
- An urgent and quick delivery of this amount was strongly advised.
- If supplies were short, they were instructed to discuss the shortage with the officials in Cheribon.
- The officials in Cheribon were also notified to assist if necessary.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 2036 / 0580
- The area of Tomagong Tsjaera was not only loyal to Prince Tsjacraningrat, who had been mentioned before, but there was also a chance that supporters on the island of Madura could cause trouble for Radeen Nagara.
- Radeen Nagara was under the guardianship of Tomagong Tsjaeranagara, who was allowed to govern the lands of Sumanap independently, following local laws and customs.
- The local leaders (mantries) agreed that Tomagong Tsjaeranagara was capable of this task.
- A group of 8 horse traders working for the King of Siam, along with their assistants and servants, were present in the area.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 2036 / 0578
In 1627, a group of horse traders from Siam (modern-day Thailand) arrived on the east coast of Java aboard the ship Risdam. They came to buy horses, as they had done in previous years. The Dutch authorities decided to support this trade mission.
- The traders were given a loan of 1,800 rijksdaalders (a Dutch currency) to help with their journey.
- The Risdam was ordered to sail to Samarang (now Semarang, Indonesia) with instructions for local Dutch officials to assist the traders.
- The main goal was to quickly provide the Japanese Emperor with:
- The horses had to meet specific requirements for color, height, and size, as requested by the Japanese Emperor.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 2036 / 0579
In this text, officials discuss financial and trade decisions involving coins and gold. Here’s what they planned:
- The officials did not want to increase the supply of coins in their current location because it was becoming useless to store more.
- Instead, they wanted to use the coins to buy gold. They were willing to sell the coins to Chinese traders and others in the area, even if it meant offering a high price or a large advance of about 14 percent.
- The goal was to close the deal with some profit, avoid useless growth of the coin supply, and use the money to buy gold.
- They were allowed to take in gold worth around 70,000 to 80,000 rijksdaalders (a type of currency), or even more if the supply of coins allowed it.
- If they didn’t have enough coins, they were permitted to borrow money from the King’s Treasury to complete the gold purchase.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 2036 / 0084
Due to strong opposing winds and currents, a Dutch trading ship could not reach Ligor to collect goods. Instead, it was pushed toward Malacca and arrived there, as confirmed by a letter from Malacca dated 13 July.
The usual detailed report about this trading post would be sent later, by November. However, it was noted that on 19 June and 11 August, 3 ships were sent back to the kingdom (likely referring to the Dutch Republic) via Ligor to collect:
- Teak wood (Sappanhout)
- Tin (Thin)
- Ship dispatches and other return goods
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 2036 / 0081
Due to a severe shortage of gold, several trading partnerships and contracts were established to purchase gold. The shortage was especially problematic in Risdam, Coning Carel, and Velserhooft. The total funds allocated, including partnerships and supplies, amounted to 280,696 guilders, 19 stuivers, and 8 pennies. This included 233,048 guilders, 1 stuiver, and 8 pennies worth of silver (weighing 11 pennies and 7½ grains), primarily intended for buying gold in Siam, where it was reportedly cheaper than locally.
The gold shortage had persisted for years due to reduced imports from China, making it difficult to meet even half the demand for trade. Only 34 out of the required officials were initially qualified to sell tin.
Given the large stockpile of 1,742,000 pounds of tin—mostly from Siam and Banka, with only a small portion from Malacca—officials were further authorized to negotiate. In Ligor, tin was traded that year at 11½ ticals per bahar (354 pounds). Additionally, to reduce the local ruler’s debt to the company, tin was sold at 16 khails per bahar, ensuring at least the latter price was met.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 2036 / 0082
The Dutch ships Prins, Kieshoek, Eugenius, Neptunis, and Gansenhoef were mostly unloaded and ready to depart. However, one ship was still waiting for a passenger who had arrived on an earlier vessel. This request was likely to be denied because the English ship Thownskend might still be expected to arrive from China, and the Dutch East India Company (VOC) preferred to avoid transporting foreigners whenever possible, as stated in their letters from 31 July 1698 and 23 June 1700.
The governor-general also proposed removing cannons, gunpowder, and other ammunition from these old and mostly unloaded ships.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 2042 / 0022
The Dutch authorities approved the crews and equipment for the following ships: Risdam, Thuijster, Lone, Belvliet, Boede, Wijnendaal, and Hoogermeer. Most of these ships were allowed to be dismantled because their hulls could no longer be used effectively except along the east coast of the island for tasks like collecting wood. Additionally, these older ships were weakened by heavy cannons. However, the Neptunus would remain in service as long as it was needed for Admiral Legd, and the Belvliet would not be dismantled until after its return from Bantam.
The crews and equipment of 5 ships from the second expedition were also approved to sell 262,713 pounds of large calittou wood at a rate of 200–300 chests of opium each. This decision followed earlier examples.
At the request of Graagte, the public director-general representing the merchants, it was agreed to auction off another 200–300 chests of opium from the previous year’s remaining stock. This was done in hopes of a good market, especially since recent ships from Bengal had brought poor-quality opium.
Graagte also reported a shortage of small timber for shipbuilding due to the delayed arrival of ships from Siam. Because of this, work on reinforcing the ships from the second expedition could not yet begin, though it was considered urgent.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 2042 / 0023
In December 1725 and January 1726, several ships arrived or were recorded in Dutch records:
- In December 1725, the ship Velzerhooft was noted, along with references to Geertruijd, Meerhuijsen, Westerbeek, and the location Wolphaarsdijk.
- Also in December 1725, the frigate Caster en Pollux was recorded.
- In January 1726, the following ships arrived from various locations:
- The fluyt (cargo ship) Risdam on the 2nd.
- The Portuguese brigantine Lareto from Siam on the 4th.
- The ship Hoogermeer from Saint Thomas on the 6th.
- The ship Strijke Bolle from Siam on the 11th.
- A ship from the Dutch homeland, the Reecq, had originally set sail from Enkhuizen on May 18 of the previous year. It carried:
- 91 sailors,
- 43 soldiers,
- 2 craftsmen,
- 1 passenger,
- Totaling 437 people on board.
The ship was under the command of captain Jan Bloemen and assistant Jan van Rensen. It arrived in the Dutch records on November 28 from Bengal, carrying Jan Westerwijk, a fiscal (financial) official from that region.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 2021 / 0588
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