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Fully AI-GeneratedUsers of Open Archives can have summaries generated from the recognized texts (transcriptions) produced through text recognition (OCR) and handwriting recognition (HTR). Neither of these artificial intelligence tasks is perfect, but they are often more than sufficient to make the historical document understandable. In the transcripts, names are underlined in green and clickable (to search the personal entries on Open Archives for the name in question), the recognized dates have a light gray background and recognized place names have a light purple background. The results of the application of (European) artificial intelligence have not been verified by a human.


The document describes legal and administrative matters in a Dutch colony during the 1720s. Most inhabitants were sick, causing some to leave the island. The Jewish community had always enjoyed religious freedom, with no discrimination in legal matters. Court sessions were held on the first Wednesday of each month, announced the Sunday before.

A dispute involving Moses Benjamin regarding Madeira wine was mentioned, which continued after his death through his executors. The document discusses confusion in accounting books dating from _July 8, 1728, which stemmed from the previous administrator's records.

The writer mentions shipping arrangements involving:

The document concludes by discussing Godet's return, who accomplished little except incurring costs for the Company. The council resolved to only send people on commission rather than salary to avoid unnecessary expenses.

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On a legal matter in Amsterdam and Curacao, Joseph Mareno Henrignes from Amsterdam represented Isaac Touro and Joseph Israel Touro from Curacao. They acted on behalf of the heirs of the late Estar Aboab, who was the widow of Jacob Ulloa and the legal heir of her daughter Sara Ulloa. Sara Ulloa had been married to Abraham Lopez de Leon who had lived and died in Curacao. Isaac Touro and Joseph Israel Touro were also guardians of the underage children of the late Abraham Alloa, who was a son of Estar Aboab.

The opposing party was Joshua Israel d'Andrade from Amsterdam, who represented David de Sas Junior, also from Amsterdam. David de Sas Junior had power of attorney from his wife Rachel de Leon and from Ester de Leon (widow of Jacob Lambroso de Mattos), Jacob de Leon, Ribea de Leon (widow of Daniel Lopez de Leon), and Robca Gahon (widow of Isaac Lopez de Leon). Robca Gahon was also mother and appointed guardian of her underage children with Isaac Lopez de Leon. They were all heirs of their brother and brother-in-law Abraham Lopez de Leon.

The court decided that both parties should respond within 14 days after receiving notice of this decision.

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On July 3, 1737, in Amsterdam, there was a legal response involving several parties. Victor Brey acted as attorney for Aaron and Joseph Moreno Henriques, who represented Isaac Touro and Joseph Israel Touro from Curaçao. They were acting on behalf of the heirs of the late Ester Aboab, widow of Jacob Alloa. She had been the legal heir of her daughter Sara Ulloa, who was the wife of Abraham Lopez de Leon who had lived and died in Curaçao.

Isaac Touro and Joseph Israel Touro were also guardians of the underage children of the late Abraham Alloa, who was a son of Ester Aboab. On the other side was Josua Israel d'Andrade from Amsterdam, who represented David de Pas junior and his wife Rachel de Leon, along with:

These people were the intestate heirs of their brother and brother-in-law Abraham Lopez de Leon. The court decided that the parties should respond within 14 days after being notified.

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On July 30, 1764, Isaac Pool, a notary in Amsterdam, documented a meeting between several parties. The first party consisted of Aron Cohen de Lara Junior, Arend Rutgers, and Johannes Lafrens as executors of Joseph Buzaglo de Paz's estate. The second party was Jacob Buzaglo, representing himself and his brothers Salom Buzaglo and Abraham Buzaglo through a power of attorney made in London on July 3, 1764. The third party was Aron Cohen de Lara Junior again, but now representing the children of Isaac Buzaglo.

The document explains that on August 1, 1760, before leaving for the West Indies, Joseph Buzaglo de Paz appointed the leaders of the Portuguese Jewish community in Amsterdam as executors of his estate. They were given full authority to:

Joseph Buzaglo de Paz died on May 17, 1761 on the island of St. Eustatius. Before his death, on May 15, 1761, he had appointed new administrators for his West Indies possessions: his brother Abraham Buzaglo, Samuel Hohel Junior, and Abraham de Jacob Mendes. The day after, he confirmed his previous will made in Amsterdam and approved the appointment of these new executors.

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On May 11, 1786, Abraham de Jacob Mendes, a merchant living in Amsterdam trading under the name Brothers Mendes, received a request from Joseph Henriques, who lived in St. Eustatius. The request explained that Henriques had previously worked as a translator on the island, doing government and council work for free. Recently, the authorities had appointed Pieter Ouckama as the official sworn translator for the island, who was now the only person working in this role. This could lead to problems, especially since Ouckama acted as a legal representative in council and often had to translate documents from his own clients, which could cause conflicts of interest. Henriques felt it was necessary to appoint another translator on the island and had sent a request to the Council of St. Eustatius, but they referred him to higher authorities. Mendes, convinced of Henriques' translation skills in various languages, supported his friend's application to become a second sworn translator on St. Eustatius.

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On June 16, 1794, in Curacao and St. Eustatius, J.W. Aercrombie appointed a 17-year-old cadet to the infantry. That same day, a French captain named Vecot sailed to Paramacca in a vessel called La Vecot, carrying supplies for a new settlement. At 10 AM, the leaders of the Portuguese Jewish community visited the government to offer their congratulations.

On June 17, 1790, several officials took their oaths of office before the Council of Policy members I.C. de Cazenabe and I. Viera. These included:

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In 1759, several people received dividend payments from the Directors of the Berbice Colony. These payments represented a 3% dividend that had been ordered by the Directors. The recipients and amounts were:

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In this legal document from Curaçao, under the direction of fiscal officer Pieter Pheodom van Teijlingen, officials attempted to serve notices to various residents. Many of those sought were not at home, while others responded that they knew nothing about the matter. Here are their responses:

The document was witnessed by Adrianus Tropheet and Gerrit Specht, and signed by secretary Anthonij Beauson.

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The citizens of Curacao submitted a complaint to Governor Juan Pedro van Collen and his council on September 4, 1738. They reported that officers and sailors from a Dutch warship called "the Beschermer" (the Protector), which was anchored in the harbor, were harassing the local residents. The sailors were breaking into people's homes, even when doors were locked. One specific incident involved breaking into merchant Hendrick Plier's house earlier that September, damaging the door's locks and hinges.

The citizens requested the governor to protect them by issuing a public order restricting access to the walls and town for naval officers, sailors, and soldiers. They asked that only the necessary number of crew members needed for ship supplies be allowed to enter.

The petition was signed by approximately 100 citizens, including merchants and prominent residents of various backgrounds, including Dutch, Jewish, and other European names. Among the first signatories were Hendrick Plier, Jacob de Goijen, and Johannes Stuijling.

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In Curaçao during 1256-1259, a large number of residents were recorded. The list shows the diversity of the population, including both Dutch and Sephardic Jewish inhabitants. The names suggest three main groups of people: Many entries include references to widows (listed as "wed.") and family relationships. Some people are identified by their marks rather than signatures, suggesting they may have been illiterate. Several families appear multiple times with different members, such as the Maduro, Monsanto, and de Windt families. The document appears to be an official registry or legal document, as indicated by the formal way names are recorded and the inclusion of witnesses' marks. Some entries also note family connections and occupational titles. The population included merchants, craftsmen, and various other professionals, though specific occupations are rarely mentioned in the text.
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This appears to be a census or population record from Holland, listing family names and numbers. The record includes several members of the Benjamin family: Raphael Benjamin, Iudah Benjamin, and others. It also lists members of the Beal, Beaks, Benners, Bennet, and Benson families. The document records both white ("Blanken") and colored ("Couleur") residents, as well as slaves ("Slaaven"). Some notable entries include William Benson and Nicholas Benners. The numbers appear to indicate household sizes or population counts, with various totals for different categories of residents.

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On January 30, 1772, legal matters in Suriname were discussed. A person was complaining about delays in the Portuguese Jewish Synagogue's administrative processes. They wanted the High Lords (government officials) to set strict deadlines for the Jewish regents to respond to complaints.

The complainant wanted the regents to pay from their own pockets for damages and costs that they had caused through their authoritarian behavior. The High Lords decided to send copies of the request to the Governor of Suriname and to the Portuguese Jewish Synagogue's leaders for their quick response.

Also discussed was a legal case between Docke Groebe, living on St. Eustatius island, and Abraham Ravené, who was commander of the fortresses of St. Eustatius. This case was ruled on following a resolution from April 19 and April 31 of the previous year.

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In Sint Eustatius on July 12, 1751, Pieter Veerman signed a cargo manifest in the presence of witnesses Jean Bernard and Pieter Hendricks, with J. G. Friderd as notary. The document was for the ship Amsterdam and listed various goods: Veerman declared under oath that this was a complete and truthful listing of all goods loaded on the ship, with nothing hidden or withheld, and he was willing to confirm this under oath at any time if required.
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On October 17, 1750, at St. Eustatius, Reijnier Jonbergh made a formal declaration about cargo carried on the ship St. Andries. The document was witnessed by Anthonij Spruijt and Guillm Aertsen. The cargo manifest included:

Jonbergh swore that this was a complete and truthful listing of all goods loaded on the ship, with nothing hidden or withheld. He stated he would confirm this under oath if required.

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In 1757, several Dutch merchant ships faced problems with English privateers and warships around the Caribbean islands:

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On December 11, 1747, a notice was issued in Fort Orange requiring merchants and citizens to appear before the Commander and Council on Thursday December 15. They needed to declare under oath details about their trade with French islands in America. This was in response to a complaint made on August 17 by Robert Prevor, an extraordinary envoy and plenipotentiary of Great Britain.

The merchants had to disclose what goods they traded that were considered contraband according to the Marine Treaty of December 1, 1674 between Great Britain and the States General. They needed to specify quantities and places where goods were sold. This information was required by Commander Johannes Heyliger Pietersz of the islands of St. Eustatius, Saba, and St. Maarten.

The notice also required merchants to report any shipments made to English colonies and islands since June 3, 1744, when war was declared between England and France.

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On May 15, 1752, a cargo manifest was signed at St. Eustatius by Reijnier Sonbergh, Jan Bernard, Lodewijk Tartsen, and Johannes De Graaff. The document detailed the ship's cargo, called Dest Andries.

De Graaff and Maxwell were involved in the trading of:

The document includes a sworn statement that this was a complete and truthful declaration of all goods loaded on the ship, with nothing hidden or withheld.

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In April 1779, several trading activities took place in Sint Eustatius. Multiple shipments of rum were recorded, transported by various captains and merchants including John Brian, Benjamin, Hercules Hassel, Thomas Langdon, and John Frenny. The shipments originated from different locations including Saint Croix, Nevis, and Saint John.

Several vessel transactions were documented, including sales between Richard Blackledge and R.D. Pennings, involving ships like the Hannah & Betzy. Michael Branthwait, Louis Verre, John Sommardall, and Abraham D. Cotinho were also involved in vessel trades.

The fortress Oranje received payments for gunpowder from various captains, including Ephraim Don, Joseph Young, John Ranger, John Berry, Jeremiah Simmons, John Park, and Robert Colling.

The West Indies Company paid for rations for a preacher, due on February 25. Fortress Oranje made several payments for provisions including water to various individuals such as Alletta Runnels, Judith de Graaff, and Johannes Pieter Heyliger.

In May, export duties were collected on various shipments including:

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In 1704, several Dutch merchants had their ships captured by English privateers in the Caribbean. Philip Benjamin and Hendrik Leevy's boat "Young Benjamin," captained by William Clercq, was sailing to Rio de Barbisie when it was captured near Dominica by the English privateer "Aurora" under Captain Jacob Heegens. The ship belonged to Judge Benjamin King from Antigua, where it was taken and condemned with its cargo of cod, mackerel, boats, and oil. The total loss was 3,964 pieces of eight.

Andries Ravens's boat "Carolus," captained by Thomas Hassell, was headed to Suriname when it was captured near the harbor by the privateer "Brimstone" under Captain Israel Summersall. The ship was taken to St. Christopher where Judge William Pym Burt condemned the cargo of 68,500 pounds of salted fish. The total loss was 6,915 pieces of eight.

The merchants Heyliger, Doncker, and Seems's schooner "Prosperity," captained by Jan Jeems, was captured near Basseterre on St. Christopher by the privateer "Dart" under Captain Summersall. The ship was traveling from St. Eustatius to Barbisie but had stopped at Guadeloupe. Its cargo of salted meat, cod, mackerel, wine, and dry goods was condemned by Judge William Pym Burt. The total loss was 3,930 pieces of eight.

All these cases were appealed under bail. The document was certified in St. Eustatius on January 25, 1747.

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On March 18, a Dutch ship called the Young Benjamin sailing from Rotterdam via Ireland to St. Eustatius was stopped by an English warship called the Gaspar. The English captain, Patrick Ohero, questioned documents signed by French and Spanish agents. Under the claim of having orders to seize all Dutch ships, he brought the ship to Antigua and treated the Dutch crew harshly to force a confession.

Johannes Heyliger, the governor of St. Eustatius, exchanged letters with John Bolan about this incident. The ship's owners asked Dutch authorities to protest to the British government through their representatives Van Boetselaer and Hop.

Another case discussed was about Thomas and Adriaen Hope, merchants from Rotterdam. In 1742, their ship "The Hope," captained by Dirk de Leeuw, was heading to Venice when a Spanish ship captured it and brought it to Oran. After winning court cases in Cartagena and Madrid, a ship captain named Sevila was allowed to appeal after 2 years. This appeal resulted in the Hope being declared a legal prize, and the owners' assets in Spain were held responsible.

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The text describes several legal cases and administrative matters in Rotterdam and other Dutch cities in 1746. The main cases were:

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On June 27, 1793, a list was made at the auction office in St. Eustatius showing what various people owed for goods bought at different auctions since June 27, 1792. The list includes many residents of St. Eustatius, both merchants and private individuals. Some notable entries include:

The document was signed by Lucas Lans as Commissioner. The total amount owed by all parties came to 7,192 pieces. The document also mentions Herman Brouwer as Secretary.

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At a meeting of the council in Schonenbeek on September 10, 1794, several matters were discussed:

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The text describes a legal case in Holland and West-Friesland from 1787. Antonetta van Liebergen requested permission to marry despite restrictions in the Marriage Regulations of March 18, 1656. The case refers to political ordinances from 1580 and October 13, 1629 that applied to all territories under Dutch West India Company control.

Several legal advisers, including Vanswinden, J. J. Gallo, Oldenbarneveld, D. J. van Hamel, and Witte Tullingh, gave their opinion in 's Hage (The Hague) on May 12, 1787. They suggested granting permission for the marriage and recommended creating rules about similar marriages in the West Indian colonies. Petrus Theodorus van Hamel, another legal adviser, was absent during the Pentecost holiday when this case was reviewed on June 4, 1787.

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On May 14, 1787, several officials including J. J. Gallé, P. Van Swinden, P. J. van Hamel, H. Voldenbarneveld, and Witte Gullingh reviewed a request in The Hague. The request came from Samuel Moses Franks, a Jewish merchant, and Love Hart, his deceased wife's sister, both living in St. Eustatius. They asked for permission to marry, which required an exemption from Article 61 of the Marriage Regulations of March 18, 1656. This was similar to a previous case from 1774 involving Juda Benjamin and Hannah de Lion, who also lived in St. Eustatius. The case dealt with marriage laws in the West Indian colonies under Dutch control.

View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.01.02 / 11606 / 0774  



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