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Fully AI-GeneratedUsers of Open Archives can have summaries generated from the recognized texts (transcriptions) produced through text recognition (OCR) and handwriting recognition (HTR). Neither of these artificial intelligence tasks is perfect, but they are often more than sufficient to make the historical document understandable. In the transcripts, names are underlined in green and clickable (to search the personal entries on Open Archives for the name in question), the recognized dates have a light gray background and recognized place names have a light purple background. The results of the application of (European) artificial intelligence have not been verified by a human.


In Batavia Castle in 1648, several events took place. A group of people with wives, children, and some in debt were sent back to Macassar. Ships and boats were sent to Manila by a person called Crajen, and this was investigated by Evert Jans Buijs. Although this was not in the previous contract, Crajen was satisfied in order to maintain friendship and unity. Crajen also requested two camels (male and female) from the Governor General, offering to pay for them.

A second letter was written by the Macassar prince Crajen Patingaloa to Cornelis van der Lijn, Governor and Captain General of the Dutch East Indies. The prince acknowledged receiving two letters in 1648 at Batavia Castle. The first letter came through their merchant Everardo Buijs, discussing dealings with Francisco Viera de Figuredo. The second letter came through Francisco Viera himself, containing promises of cooperation. The prince expressed commitment to maintaining peace and good relations with the Dutch, appreciating their assistance to Francisco Viera de Figuredo in Batavia and providing him escort to the city of Goa.

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In Batavia on December 19, 1777, a report was sent to Governor-General Reinier de Klerk and the Council of the Dutch East Indies. The document detailed staff numbers at their office, comparing them with previous figures. The total workforce numbered 1,988 people, which was 1,455 more than the previous count of 533. The staff included:

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The ship Henriette Louijsa recently arrived with some textiles. Due to various issues, the expected profits were not achieved as most items were sold at higher prices than the previous year.

The commissioner van Trum was ordered not to purchase any more oil due to storage problems. Only 440 pots were sent due to a shortage of quality pots and a sickness that halted many activities, including crafts and official business.

Following recommendations, efforts were made to collect outstanding debts, particularly from active traders. Some debts were successfully collected, but several bad debtors were identified who would likely never repay. These were mostly from long-deceased persons whose heirs were unable to pay. The total bad debt amounted to 158 Cattij (18,963 florins).

Bad debtors included:

Doubtful debtors who might repay if their business improved included:

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On April 4, 1634, the bailiff of Batavia, Nicolaes van Clees, presented evidence in a criminal case against Diogo Coelzo, an Indian free citizen. Coelzo was accused of stealing 2,000 reals from the widow of Dolff Thomasz, and planning to escape to their enemies in Macassar, having already bought a vessel. The court sentenced him to death by hanging and confiscation of his possessions.

Antonio van Diemen presented a cargo plan for the ship Leeuwin to trade near Indrapura on the Sumatra coast. They allocated 8,000 Spanish reals for tolls and expenses.

After receiving 300 bales of wheat from Japan (each weighing about 90 pounds), they decided to ban rice bread and return to wheat bread production. A sack of wheat (134 pounds) would be sold for 4 reals.

On April 11, 1634, Hendrick Graman, a free citizen, requested to become a notary in the city. Since he was literate and had a good reputation, this was granted pending an examination and oath. P. Vlack was appointed to oversee this process.

The ship Wapen van Delft arrived on April 6. Due to shallow waters making it difficult to unload heavy cargo like sappanwood and iron, they decided to send the ship Zeeburch to Bantam to replace the Wapen van Hoorn.

Gerrit Pinson, an English merchant from Bantam, arrived with 250 picols of white sugar to sell. He requested to pay only half the usual toll (5% for import and export) as was customary for English traders. This was approved to encourage trade through Batavia.

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On April 24, 1638, Antonio van Diemen wrote several letters from the ship Frederik Hendrik anchored at Hila. The first letter was addressed to Josa Cheijmon, a Japanese trader. He acknowledged receiving a horse as a gift on March 4, 1638 and mentioned that Cheijmon's trading vessel had arrived safely in Ambon where its goods were sold. The ship's captain was given some small items for repairs.

Van Diemen explained that he left Ambon two months ago and was now anchored at Hittoe, planning to sail to Combello to meet the King of Ternate. He encouraged Cheijmon to maintain good relations with Captain Hendrik Kerckringh and suggested trading rice in Batavia where white rice was selling for 70 reals per last.

A second letter was addressed to the English factor John Hunter in Macassar, accompanying a small gift of nutmeg and other fruits. In this letter, Van Diemen mentioned that Admiral Woddel was still alive and had passed through the Malacca Strait with three ships. He also referred to a battle between Dutch and Portuguese forces near Goa, details of which could be obtained from resident Hendrik Kerckringh. The letter concluded by noting that the King of Ternate had been spotted in the area the previous day.

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In Ambon on June 12, 14, 15 and 18, 1638, meetings were held between Sultan Nia Amevil Momenin Hams Nasseron Minalahi Cha, King of Ternate, and Governor-General Antonio van Diemen. Also present were Council members Antonio Caen and Joan Otten. The Dutch authorities had become concerned about problems in the Ambon region, particularly: In response to these issues:
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Around January 10, 1634, instructions were given to Captain Major Ariaen Antheunisz, Vice Commander Harman Gerritsz, and the council of ships regarding operations near Macassar and Borneo coast.

Due to rough weather during full moons of December, January, and February along the Borneo coast and Macassar shore, ships were advised to anchor in safe locations: in the Martapura river during January's full moon and within Macassar's reefs during February.

Because of food shortages in the Indies, ships could only serve meat and bacon once per week, leaving five meatless days. It was decided to distribute three half-measures of arrack daily to all sailing personnel:

Since the fleet only had provisions for one measure per day, additional supplies would be sent with the ship der Goes. The ships involved included:

These ships were stationed around Bantam to demonstrate that they would be better as friends than enemies.

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In Martapura, negotiations were held for trading rights. The Dutch wanted to maintain a strong relationship to protect their pepper trade and ensure they had preference over others. They did not want to leave people in Martapura to avoid unnecessary costs, but promised to assist if enemies attacked. The king would need to show gratitude for this protection. The expedition was instructed to: The rendezvous point was specified as: Ships were ordered to capture any vessels belonging to enemies, including Spanish, Portuguese, Mataram, Bantam, or Patani forces. Gijsbert van Lodensteijn was appointed commander of the fleet, with ship captains and merchant Gerrit Corst from Grootenbroeck serving as his council.
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Ships should sail up the river of Bandar Massingh (also called Martapura) to Old Banjar, which is about 4 miles from the sea. The ship Grootenbroeck will be there to inform about Macassarese vessels near Martapura. If Macassarese ships carrying pepper are found, they should be captured. To prevent warning signals, no vessels should be allowed to travel from Old Banjar to Martapura.

The captured Macassarese goods and pepper should be loaded onto the Grootenbroeck. Their vessels should be burned unless given as gifts to the King of Martapura. Macassarese crew should be held captive unless the King requests some to be released. No action should be taken on land unless significant amounts of pepper can be safely retrieved from Macassarese houses.

The King of Martapura should be told that the General would not have attacked Macassarese in his territory except that Macassar:

The King should be kept friendly through courtesy and possible gifts. If he becomes unfriendly, he should be reminded that the Dutch do not fear war with Spain, Portugal, Mataram, Bantam, or Macassar. After completing the mission, Grootenbroeck should leave with its cargo, leaving 4,000-8,000 guilders with the King of Martapura to purchase pepper at the usual price, with a written royal agreement.

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On January 6, 1634, instructions were given to Commander Gijsbert van Lodensteijn and the council regarding several ships. The Golden Lion and Huijsduijnen were to remain stationed at Bantam. The ship Der Goes was to be sent back with the yacht De Sterre. De Beets would temporarily take its place for patrol duty, keeping one Tingan vessel with it.

The commander was instructed to lead ships including the Son, Maen, Macao, Moca, Negapatnam, and Klein Weesel, along with 2 sloops. They would sail from Batavia first to Martapura, and then to the Pulo Laut islands, located 20 miles from Cape Salatan. There they would await additional naval forces for operations against Macassar.

On July 11, the ship Grootenbroeck and yacht Macao had been sent from Batavia to Martapura to collect pepper cargo. This arrangement was made following an invitation from the King, who promised them preferential rights to purchase all pepper grown in his territory. They had hoped these vessels would return with their cargo in time for dispatch to the homeland.

The document was signed by Henricq Brouwer.

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In November, a yacht called Macao arrived, carrying only 11 loads of pepper. The arrival was delayed because 13 Macassarese vessels had come to trade pepper with the king, despite his earlier promises. The Macassarese crews reported that their king, King of Macassar, planned to send:

The Macassarese secretly tried to burn down a trading post in Martapura at night to destroy Dutch cargo. The King of Macassar was an ally of the Spanish and Portuguese. Intercepted letters showed that they considered him one of the most important kings in the East. He was also allied with Ammela Loehoe and other Dutch enemies, including Bandanese refugees in Ceram, Ceram-land, Goram and nearby areas.

The king supported these enemies with supplies and promised assistance, threatening to attack Amboyna or Banda. He also banned his subjects in Bima from trading with the Dutch. His power had grown through connections with Spanish, Portuguese, and various displaced peoples, particularly through trade with Macao and Timor, and through illegal clove trade from Amboyna.

The Council of the Indies decided to attack his power base before he grew stronger or could form major alliances with the Spanish and Portuguese. They planned to send six yachts to Martapura to capture all Macassarese vessels there, disregarding the neutrality of the local king who was friendly with both sides.

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On an unspecified date in Hittoe, the ship Ackerslooth was made ready with water, firewood and ballast for its journey via Macassar to Batavia. Several letters were prepared for various officials including Henrick Kerckringh, Joso Cheijmon (a Japanese person in Macassar), and English factor John Hunter.

Governor Ottens reported good income of Spanish reals from cloth trade. Due to shortages in Batavia for buying pepper in Sumatra and Jambi (as advised by Director-General Philips Lucas), 40,000 reals were to be sent with ships Valcq and Ruttem to Batavia.

On April 24, 1638 and May 1, 1638, meetings were held regarding the ships Valcq and Ruttem. Their departure was delayed waiting for the King of Ternate, who had arrived at Manipe with 10 vessels. Governor Ottens received his promise to arrive the next day. The ships were loaded with Banda spices and about 30,000 pounds of cloves.

The Governor-General himself wrote letters about events in these quarters and Banda, plus responses to Director-General Philips Lucas's writings. Documents were reviewed and signed by Anthonio van Diemen, Anthonio Caen, Joan Ottens, and secretary Pieter Mestdagh aboard the Fredrik Hendrik anchored at Cambello.

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On Tuesday February 6, 1635, 88 Japanese-Chinese people arrived in a ship called Wapen van Hoorn. They had come from Aangesacke to Teijouan in three small junks without the emperor's permission. Following orders from the governor of Firando, Hans Putmans sent them to Batavia.

The authorities decided to let these Chinese live freely, without paying for their transport or food. Two captains, Chinese captain Bencon and Japanese-Chinese captain Kicko, had to guarantee that the three junk captains wouldn't escape, and these captains in turn had to vouch for their crew.

Near Capas, Bleijswijck captured 36 people from a sunken junk that was traveling from Macao to Macassar. The authorities decided to:

A committee was formed including Antonio van Diemen, Jan van Broecom, prosecutor Abraham Welsingh, council president Gedion Bouwens, secretary Daniel Hudde, and Joan Silvernagel.

Governor-General Henrick Brouwer and the Council of India issued a notice about ships being pulled onto the city walls for repairs. This practice was damaging the canal walls of Batavia. They ordered that all vessels must only be repaired on the west side of the main river, from the Chinese canal southward to the northern end where the river was newly dug.

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Here is the summary in HTML:

In February 1634, Henrick Brouwer, Antonij van Diemen, Pieter Vlack and Joan vander Burch wrote instructions for Antonij van Heuvel who was sailing to Amboina to take up governorship there. The letter discusses religious conversion efforts in Kai and Arou.

They instructed him to:

The letter also explains that Henrick Brouwer was Governor General overseeing all Dutch East India Company territories, ships, forts and people in the East Indies on behalf of:

They had summoned Artus Gijsels, the Vice Governor of Amboina, to report on conditions there and address problems in trade and administration.

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The text discusses Dutch colonial administration in the East Indies during the early colonial period. The authorities were cautious about approving matters until they could verify the loyalty of Kaki Ali. Ships including the Weesp, Golden Lion, and Beets were to sail to Banda. They planned to station 20 soldiers, 10 on each ship, near Macassar. The ships were instructed to stay near Macassar for 3-10 days, departing around March 10. The Weesp and Heusden would sail to Amboina, while the Golden Lion and Beets would head to Banda. They were to stop at Buton to:

The ships would separate at the eastern end of Blau. The Weesp and Heusden would sail to Fort Victoria in Amboina. The Weesp was to be quickly unloaded and sent to Banda with atap (palm fronds). The Heusden would return with Gijsels and his family during the east monsoon, carrying cloves for trade routes to Coromandel, Suratta, Persia, China, and Japan.

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At a meeting on February 26, 1635, officials discussed sending ships between various ports. They planned to send an authenticated copy with the ship Dergoes to Gijsels, van den Heuvel, and Dendecom in Amboino. The document was signed by Henrick Brouwer, Antonio van Diemen, Jan van der Burch, and Jan van Broucom.

The ship Dergoes would be provisioned for 75 people for six months, but would only have 40 sailors due to staff shortages. It would pick up 40 soldiers in Amboino before sailing to Moluco.

On March 3, 1635, the council discussed that some Bandanese citizens (10 women and 3 girls) were ready to be baptized as Christians. It was decided to give each new convert 2 Dutch Crowns (40 stuivers each) to encourage others to accept the Reformed religion.

They also decided to send the old ship Wapen van Hoorn to Banda with supplies including:

The Wapen van Hoorn would sail east of Madura along Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Ende, Lomballa, Ombo, and Terra Alto before crossing to Banda. It would be crewed by 80 people and provisioned for 7 months.

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On March 16, 1635, several incidents were recorded in Batavia: Nicolaes Snijder was pardoned from a severe punishment after an incident where 13 men were killed and 2 were captured when Javanese boats attacked fishing vessels about a mile offshore from Batavia. Pieter Alberts from Alkmaar, a ship's steward, was pardoned from receiving a whipping for his involvement in the attempted theft of a barrel containing about 200 pounds of butter. Jan Silvernagel, overseer of the Company's servants, was exempted from paying a tenth of the value of land he bought from a Chinese person to extend his garden located at the east end of the Tiger Canal, for which he paid 150 reals. The ship Sardam arrived from Banjarmassingh (also called Martapura) carrying: It was decided that: Cornelis van Maseyck and Isaac Havart, a Justice Council member, were authorized to receive the remaining monthly wages earned in the Indies by the late Michiel van den Trille to support his orphaned children.
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On March 8, 1635, the yacht Souburch arrived from Zuratta. It was decided to equip it with 25 men and 8 months of provisions along with the Nachtegael and Martaxura for use in Macassar.

A captured galley arrived near Cochijn needing 250 men to row it. Since Dutch crew refused to row and there weren't enough slaves, they decided to bring it into the river for later use.

While waiting for Chinese junks, ships were sent back to Bantam under command of Pieter Jansz to prevent unauthorized sailing.

To improve order in legal proceedings, Dirck Jemmingh, secretary of the Council of Justice, was ordered to draft rules for lawyers using Batavia ordinances and other sources.

Arent Aelst van Aerdenburch, who served as lieutenant since July 21, 1633 under Captain Dirck Staelander, was promoted to Captain with a salary of 80 guilders per month starting after Staelander's departure on August 21, 1635.

The ship Leeuwinne arrived from Luratta on March 14, 1635. It was ordered to be unloaded, repaired and cleaned for pepper trade on Sumatra's west coast.

Three sentences were passed by the Council of Justice against:

Hans Compeer was pardoned from death sentence for abandoning his weapon and leading eight soldiers and an armed native in fleeing from Javanese troops while hunting outside Batavia, resulting in three companions being captured or killed. He had to hear his pardon read while standing on the ladder, with other punishments remaining in effect.

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In Bantam on 6 E, officials discussed sending ships and weapons. The ship Batavia had returned from Jambi and was repaired. They planned to send it with: Captain Major Ariaen Anthonis would sail to Bantam with the chief gunner and 10 trained soldiers on each ship. Three ships would remain stationed around Bantam, positioned at strategic points near Pulo Banjam, Pulo Panjam, and the Pontangh river. The document ends with approval for Adriaen Somius, chief merchant of the salary office, to marry Maria Walraven, who had arrived from the homeland with Pieter Nuijts's wife. The document was signed by Henrick Brouwer, Antonio van Diemen, Pieter Vlack, and Joan vander Burgh.
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On a ship called "Charles" sailed from Italic Batavia in 1680. The English ship carried various supplies like planks and shovels. Since it was the English turn to fly their flag that month, and no other English ship remained in the harbor, they had to wait before the Dutch could fly their flag.

The English ship "Reformation" arrived from Surat via Aceh, with chief merchant Colijn reporting from Aceh that the English were trying to damage Dutch relations with the King of Aceh. There were also issues regarding Dutch control of the islands Besce and Sebesce.

The Dutch Governor General gave the English president a gift of French wine and Dutch butter, and visited him during his illness along with other officials. The English reported suspicious small vessels around their ships at night. It was learned that the English had obtained 80 cloves in Macassar that year.

The English filed complaints about:

The Dutch confronted the English about:

Both sides continued discussions about pepper trade, rice distribution, and trading arrangements in Batavia.

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On August 1, 1687, the ship sailed from Macassar and arrived in Camboe on August 15. The resident learned that the King of Dompo and his nobles were staying in the settlement of Camboe. The next morning, they went to meet the King of Dompo about collecting 1000 pieces of sappanwood that he had promised to the Company. The King agreed to gather his subjects and begin loading the wood on the 7th. Within 5 days, they loaded not only the promised 1000 pieces but an extra 140 pieces of sappanwood.

While loading the sappanwood, they sent a messenger from Camboe to Tambora to inform that ruler that the ship "Castle Batavia" was loading Company cargo at Camboe. The messenger also reminded the ruler of Tambora about the 26 pieces and 66 2/3 catties of wax he owed as part of his 400 rijksdaalders debt to the Company, which had been agreed upon in May at 15 rijksdaalders each.

The ruler of Tambora responded quickly, and on July 13, his government officials brought the wax to the beach at Camboe. It was then transported to the ship by boat and properly weighed. On July 14, they set sail from Camboe's harbor towards Sumbawa, but due to weak land winds, they had to anchor near Zanger or Corre. Strong northern winds made it impossible to continue.

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In a letter dated July 15, 1687, written in Macassar, officials discussed several administrative matters. They mentioned that Intje Cassim had been helped at the request of Dain Telille. The letter noted that rice and timber shipments had been sent, though Van Zeijl had not acknowledged their receipt in his May 1st communication.

The merchant Isak Clarisse requested his regular merchant's allowance, which he had not received since becoming fiscal officer. The letter also addressed concerns about Bugis prisoners who arrived on the ship America, particularly those under Arou Mampo.

Following the departure of Captain De Ruijter, several positions in the Council of Police and Justice were filled:

The letter was signed by Willem Hartsink, Francois Prins, Isak Clarisse, Harman Hansen, Is. Cax, and Benjamin Fransz at Castle Rotterdam in Macassar. It was addressed to Governor-General Joannes Camphuijs and the Council of India, and was received by the yacht Batavia on August 10, 1687.

The ship Castle Batavia arrived in Bima bay on June 28, and after taking on water and firewood, sailed for Camboe in the kingdom of Dompo on July 4.

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On July 15, 1687, conflicts arose between the kingdoms of Macassar, Beroang and Bellenipa. Radja Beroang was concerned about Bellenipa taking up arms against him. The High Authority of Bone sent people to protect Beroang and warned Bellenipa that if they attacked each other, the East India Company would seek revenge together with the injured party.

The conflict started because Beroang had sheltered his own brother-in-law, Corre Timos, who had sworn to kill someone from Bellenipa. When Timos later returned to Bellenipa and was surrounded in a house, instead of surrendering, he helped kill 30 people from Bellenipa. Timos and 6 of his followers died in the resulting fire.

After a long wait, on July 8, the ship "Hollandse Thuin" arrived from Banda via Ambon with 60,000 pounds of gunpowder. The ship delivered letters from the governors, along with expensive plates worth 3,495 guilders from Macassar.

The letters mentioned that Intje Cassim, who had been sent to Banda to collect debts for the Queen of Telille, was known to be a famous smuggler who would be watched closely in the future. The letters also reported that a severe storm in Banda had destroyed many nutmeg trees.

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On June 15, 1687, there were plans regarding Boelocomba. A trading vessel with textiles was to be sent under protection. The journey was postponed until the following year due to the captain's concerns.

The journey to Mangaraij needed planning. Philip Jobepsz de Vos, a corporal and commander at Zaleijer, who was known for his experience in those regions, was called to consult with 2-3 of the principal local chiefs.

Isak Clarisse, a merchant and fiscal officer, was appointed to work on establishing boundaries in Boelocomba. During this time, Arou Tanette Matour and Arou Tanette Laampo returned from Touradje.

Various nobles returned from Toeradja, including:

They were sent by the authorities of Bone and Goa to collect traditional tributes from the fearful Toeradjers, who had to pay triple the usual amount. The Toeradjers were also forced to convert to Islam, except for the Awangers who refused both payment and conversion. Reports suggested a large military force was being prepared to address this situation.

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On July 15, 1687, a murder took place in Macassar at Kampon Baroe near the castle. A Macassarese man named Aessim and his mother were killed by servants of the King of Tello. The reason given was a simple suspicion revealed by Queen Telille to the president on the 13th of the previous month. The victims were accused of trying to poison the king's wife, who was the daughter of the late Crain Bissij.

The widow of Crain Bissij had been under Dutch East India Company protection since her husband's death, supported by a written document from Governor Speelman. The victims lived in an area where only the Company had legal authority. The murder was seen as a violation of Company jurisdiction, similar to how King Bone had mistreated Company subjects from the village of Dato Riampo over a stolen horse.

Despite no formal accusation being made, the council believed the case should not be ignored and that the fiscal (prosecutor) should gather information. There were also discussions about establishing safer trade routes to Manila, noting that King Bone had previously received gifts from Manila's Muslim captain, including a letter and a sword.

View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 1437 / 0564  



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