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In 1684, a Dutch trading company documented a list of goods transported between various regions. The records show the types of items traded and the approximate distances involved:

The company traded goods to Nagasaki, Japan, covering a distance of 13,700 miles. Items included:
- Precious and semi-precious stones like agate and crystal.
- Glass products such as glass beads, mirrors, and magnifying glasses.
- Writing materials like pencils and ink horns.
- Wood products including snakewood and sail-stones.
- Needles, tortoiseshell items, and Moscow glass.
- Telescopes, eyeglasses, and fine glassware.
- Decorative items like lacework, paintings, and armor (helmets, breastplates).
- Metals such as steel and brass, including brass lanterns.
- Muskets, amber crafts, clocks, and Spanish leather.
- Food and dyes like olives, olive oil, blue dye, and dragon’s blood resin.
- Various wines from France (covering 12,810 miles).
From Turkey, covering 11,280 miles, the company imported:
- Silk fabrics, linen, wool, and gold lace.
From Guinea (8,400 miles away), the goods included:
- Gold, white and black sugar, elephant tusks, and leather.
- Various birds.
From Brazil (7,500 miles away), the company received:
- Ebony wood, woodcrafts, ginger, tobacco, and dyes.
- White and black sugar.
From the Cape of Good Hope (6,300 miles away), the goods included:
- Ostriches and other birds, rhinoceros, tigers, and turkeys.
- Wild goats (referred to as "Turkey bucks").

In 1684, a report from Japan described several key trading locations under the Dutch East India Company (VOC):

The island of Madagascar (about 5,100 miles away) was mostly uninhabited but rich in resources like ebony wood, various fruits, and wild animals such as deer, cows, and wild boars, which were useful for hunters.
Jakarta (called Batavia by the Dutch, about 2,400 miles away) was governed by the Governor-General and served as a major trading hub. It supplied goods like cloves, nutmeg, pepper, betel nuts, wax, Borneo camphor, eaglewood, sandalwood, rattan, benzoin, cowhides, buffalo hides, deer skins, textiles, cotton, iron, pigs, monkeys, civet cats, and tobacco. Many of these goods were stored in warehouses in Batavia before being shipped to Japan.
The island of Sumatra (about 2,400 miles away) produced gold, sulfur, loadstones, rattan, and tortoiseshells.
The island of Borneo (about 3,900 miles away) was known for loadstones, diamonds, rattan, and camphor.
The island of Amboina (about 3,900 miles away) provided cloves, nutmeg, mace, eaglewood, casuarina trees, various parrots, birds of paradise, and pepper.

In 1680, the Dutch East India Company (VOC) recorded a trade summary of goods imported from various Asian regions to Nagasaki, Japan. The distances listed are in Dutch miles (1 Dutch mile ≈ 7.4 km).

From Banda Islands (1680 miles away):
- Eaglewood (a fragrant wood)
- Pepper
- Nutmeg
- Cloves
- Sandalwood
- Low-quality textiles (billij)
- Tobacco
- Various lightweight fabrics (loerijs)
From Ternate (3890 miles away):
- Banda wood (likely another type of fragrant wood)
- Low-quality textiles (belillij)
- Eaglewood
- Nutmeg
- Cloves
From Seram (Cheram) (3870 miles away):
- Sandalwood
- Birds of paradise (feathers or whole)
- Various lightweight fabrics (loerijs belillij)
- Nutmeg
- Tobacco
- Pepper
- Casuarina wood (a type of tree)
From Timor (3850 miles away):
- Timor cloves (Tinior nagelen)
- Pepper
- Nutmeg
- Eaglewood
- Tobacco
- Various lightweight fabrics (loerijs)
From Macassar (Makassar) (3300 miles away):
- Gold
- Sandalwood
- Rice
- Tobacco
From Malacca (1740 miles away):
- Tin
- Porcelain stoneware (pedra porca)
- Pepper
- Bird nests (likely edible swiftlet nests)
- Rice
- Various animal products (beestiael)
From Pegu (in modern Myanmar, 2640 miles away):
- Amber (namrack)
- Camphor (spiaulter)
- Elephant tusks (ivory)
- Chinese porcelain (Caet Chio)
- Rice
From Arracan (modern Rakhine State, Myanmar, 2940 miles away):
- Gold
- Rice
- Wax
- Hemp or cotton cloth (kennip)
- Elephant tusks (ivory)
- Earthenware (tonwerck)
From Bengal (3300 miles away):
- Bengal silk
- Thin silk fabrics (taffachelas)
- Striped cotton cloth (gingam)
- Silk fabrics
- Crimson silk (armosijnen)
- Calico cloth (regattijs)
- Fine muslin (elegias pat therij)
- Silk handkerchiefs (podesoijen)

In 1684, additional goods were documented as arriving in Nagasaki from other regions:

From Coromandel Coast (3000 miles away):
- Various cotton garments (lijwaten)
- Thin silk fabrics (taffachelas)
- Fine white cotton (sestimes percallen)
- Striped cotton fabrics (salempoeris)
- Saltpeter (for gunpowder)
- Deerskins
- Diamonds
- Fine muslin (tesserse clegias)
- Plain striped cotton (gingams)
- Gold-printed chintz (chitsen)
- Similar fabrics for Muslim markets (sarassen)
From Ceylon (Sri Lanka) (3000 miles away):
- Cinnamon
- Lac (a resin, rack)
- Elephant tusks (ivory)
- Buffalo horns
- Cowhides
- Coconut fiber (cokus)
- Maldivian pepper
From Malabar Coast (3750 miles away):
- Cardamom
- Snake wood
- Rice
- Precious stones
- Snake stones (likely a type of gem or mythical item)
- Musk
- Cats
- Shields
- Antimony (a metal used in medicine and warfare, annetotrietie van Oorlogh)
From Persia (5100 miles away):
- Gold fabrics
- Silk brocade (alcatijven)
- Silk
- Prepared leather
- Horses
- Almonds
- A type of resin or gum (mera)
- Frankincense (wierrook)
- Licorice root (soethout)
- Precious stones
- Rosewater
- Sheep
- Raisins
- Currants (kismis)
- Various wines
From Surat (4500 miles away):
- Thin silk fabrics (taffachetas)
- Striped cotton (gingam)
- Light cotton fabrics (salempoeris)
- Plain white cotton (percallen)
- Striped fabrics
- Guinea cloth (a type of cotton, guinees lijwaet)
- Decorative fabrics (bethilles)
- Chintz (Chitsen)
- Plain striped cotton (gingams)
- Saltpetered cotton (salpocado gingam)

In 1673, Dutch trading ships were active in Siam (modern-day Thailand) and Cambodia to gather goods for trade with Japan and Batavia (modern-day Jakarta).

The ship Vleerdingen and the fluyt Pegu were loaded with rice, sapanwood (a type of dyewood), and oil, destined for Batavia.
The yacht Bloemendael, arriving from Ligor, was sent back to Malacca with:
- 22 lasten (a Dutch unit of weight, roughly 2 metric tons each) of rice,
- 1,196 pots of clove oil,
- 210 planks, and
- 156.25 catti (an Asian unit of weight, roughly 0.6 kg each) of eaglewood (agnilhout cabessa).
The fluyt Westwout followed later with an additional 30 lasten of rice, intended for Bengal.

The Dutch resident (representative) in Siam hoped these shipments would meet the demands from Japan and Batavia without needing to borrow more money, as the high interest rates were problematic. The leaders in Nagasaki had requested the following goods from Siam for the upcoming season:

1,000 cowhides,
as many deerskins as possible (preferably 1,500),
1500 picol (another weight unit, roughly 60 kg each) of sapanwood,
60 picol of elephant tusks,
10 picol of wax, and
some small items.

Many of these goods were already in stock in Siam, including 10,000 deerskins, 2,600 cowhides, and 2,500 catti of elephant tusks, suggesting the requests could be fulfilled.

The King of Siam asked the Dutch, through their resident, to send:

an expert cannon founder,
a constable (a military or police officer), and
a painter.

The Dutch expected to see the ships Vleerdingen and Pegu again soon.

In a previous season, the Dutch had sent a mission to Cambodia and signed a new trade agreement with its king, securing favorable terms. On March 10, the yacht Zeehoudt arrived from Cambodia with 1,172 picol of sapanwood. The merchant Jan de Meijer brought the original signed contract, while merchant Pieter Ketting and 19 other Dutchmen stayed in Cambodia to manage the trading post. Chinese merchants had strongly opposed the Dutch trade privileges granted in the contract, causing difficulties for Jan de Meijer in getting the king’s signature.

On May 17, 1680, a ship called Queen’s Yacht sailed from Siam to Japan carrying elephant tusks, hunting buffalo horns, sugar, rice, and coarse fabrics.
On May 22, 1680, 2 junks (small ships) left for Japan with rice, clothes, and raw materials.
On May 23, 1680, a bark (small sailing ship) sailed to Ligor with rice, salt, and indigo from Cambodia.
On May 26, 1680, 2 junks from the king and queen, newly built, sailed to Japan with a similar load as the queen’s ship from May 17.
On May 28, 1680, a junk sailed to Pontiamas with rice and local clothes.
On May 29, 1680, a junk sailed to Japan with namracq (a type of fabric), elephant tusks, black sugar, buffalo horns, rice, and coarse fabrics.
On the same day, another junk sailed to Canton with a load of areca (a type of nut).
On May 27, 1680, a junk belonging to a local official sailed to Tazoon with an unknown load.
On June 2, 1680, a company ship called De Veluwe sailed to Japan.
3 ships sailed to Macau with sappanwood (a type of dyewood) and areca.
On June 27, 1680, 2 ships sailed to Manila with fabrics, local clothes, saltpeter (a chemical), and 2 elephants as gifts for the governor.
On September 4, 1680, a galley (a type of ship) sailed to Chiampa with local fabrics.
On September 21, 1680, an English ship called a "chialoupje" (small boat), owned by a free merchant named Mr. Lampton, sailed to Malacca with local and Surat fabrics, salt, indigo, and 1 or 2 pieces of silk.
Between August and July 1680, a total of 63 ships, junks, and boats left Siam.
On November 23, 1679, a swan ship (a type of Dutch ship) sailed from Cambodia without any load.
On December 1, 1679, a company ship and an English ship sailed from Bantham with various lacquerware, Surat fabrics, and chest fabrics.
On December 9, 1679, 2 ships from Masulipatnam arrived in Tanasserij loaded with fabrics.
On January 28, 1680, 4 private English ships sailed to Canasserij with some fabrics.
On February 4, 1680, a junk with silver and craftwork sailed from Cambodia.
On February 18, 1680, 2 junks from the king sailed with a load of copper, gold, silver, and lacquerware, following advice from Japan.
On February 26, 1680, a junk belonging to Siam sailed to Canton without any load.
On March 10, 1680, 2 barks with fabrics from Bengal sailed from Pipli.
On March 14, 1680, a Portuguese ship and a local ship sailed from Cambodia without any load.
On April 2, 1680, 2 junks, one belonging to Siam, sailed from Aymuij and Canton without any load.
On April 11, 1680, 2 ships sailed from Macau with some silk goods, quitasols (parasols), and small trade items.
On April 13, 1680, a junk sailed from Chiampa with wine and calmbacq (a type of fabric).
On April 15, 1680, a war galley from the king sailed from Ligor.
On February 13, 1680, the total value of goods transported was 1,020.
Between February and April 1680, 22 ships arrived in Siam.

In 1827, a report from Siam on October 26 discussed trade preparations for Japan. The Dutch East India Company (VOC) planned its shipments carefully to avoid sending unwanted goods, like ivory, since demand in Japan changed yearly. If goods arrived too late or were unnecessary, the company risked financial loss. The report noted that the company already had in stock:

4,000 deer hides of various types
1,500 cow hides

They promised to gather more hides quickly to meet demand. On October 26, 1828, another report listed goods traded in Siam since the office reopened. These included items bought for cash or bartered, with advances (pre-payments) noted. The goods and their advances were:

2,213 pounds of formiljoen (a type of dye) – advance: ₿3,318/3/4
528 pounds of cloves – advance: ₿1,183/4/-
107 pounds of mace – advance: ₿225/15/-
88 pounds of nutmeg – advance: ₿410/11/4
4,905 pieces of red cotton cloth – advance: ₿5,188/14/11
200 packets of gold leaf – advance: ₿733/13/-
344¾ pounds of mercury – advance: ₿543/10/-
400 pieces of Gunees cloth – advance: ₿1,731/3/-
252 pieces of red bed covers – advance: ₿1,186/10/-
400 pairs of red trousers – advance: ₿1,601/10/-
1,360 pieces of bleached bed covers – advance: ₿2,503/1/-
2,240 pieces of bleached trousers – advance: ₿5,834/16/-
1,280 pieces of red chuist chelas (a type of cloth) – advance: ₿1,946/18/3
800 pieces of tapi rammerat (a fabric) – advance: ₿2,701/16/8
100 pairs of cattawbanij talponij (a garment) – advance: ₿655/19/10
425 black hats – advance: ₿1,426/15/4
960 pieces of another item – advance: ₿242/12/8
242¼ ell (a length measure) of crimson red fabric – advance: ₿78--
33¾ ell of green fabric – advance: ₿350--
33¾ ell of gray fabric – advance: ₿155/13/12
Japanese silver for an advance of ₿2,447/8/12
1 box of Persian rosewater – advance: ₿52--
An over-shipment of shellac (a resin) was also noted.

The total advance for these goods over roughly a year was ₿35,233/10/13. After subtracting costs like civil expenses and interest (₿13,796/11/10), the net amount advanced in 12 months was ₿21,436/19/3. In just 6 months, the total was ₿ The text cuts off before the final 6-month total is given. The summary above includes all available details from the provided text. No additional information or assumptions were made. The names of goods are kept as in the original, with unclear terms left untranslated. All monetary values are in the original currency (guilder, denoted by ₿).

This inventory lists valuable jewelry and religious items, likely from a wealthy family's estate in the Dutch Golden Age. The items include:

Gold and silver hairpins: 4 large, 4 small, and 4 even smaller.
Gold and silver chains:
- 1 gold chain with three loops.
- 2 gold chain necklaces.
- 1 gold chain with intricate openwork design.
Gold items:
- 6 pairs of small gold boat-shaped buttons.
- 2 rosaries with ash-colored beads.
- 3 rosaries with pearls.
- 10 women's chest rosary buttons.
- 15 rings with stones.
- 3 rings without stones.
- 10 rings made of tamboc (a type of gold alloy).
- 2 rosaries, one solid gold, one hollow.
- 4 amber bracelets with gold inlays.
- 1 gold necklace with pearls.
- 1 gold ring with a stone and elephant tusk inlay.
- 2 rings.
Inherited items from Grandmother Anthonica:
- 3 gold chains with looped designs.
- 1 rosary with a gold lieve vrouw (small religious figure of the Virgin Mary) and ash-colored beads.
- 2 gold crabs (likely decorative brooches or clasps).
- 2 buttons.
- 1 chest jewel with a rose-design gold chain and pearls.
Inherited items from Grandmother Andreza:
- 1 gold religious item (misterium).
- 1 ring.
- 1 chest jewel with a two-loop chain.
- 1 chest jewel with a single-loop chain.
- 1 chest jewel with pearl strings.
- 1 gold lieve vrouw surrounded by pearls on a gold-beaded string.
- 1 gold lieve vrouw with pearl hangings.
Pearl and gemstone items:
- 1 necklace of pearls and ruby-like stones.
- 5 snake-like chains with relics.
- 4 snake-like chains with rosary relics (pawned by Salvador Lobo).
- Pearl roses and small earrings with stones.
Earrings and decorative items:
- 4 earrings with diamonds.
- Earrings with pearls.
- 4 gold earrings with pearls.
- 12 gold crabs (brooches or clasps).
- 4 gold earrings.
- 8 gold earrings.
- 8 gold items (unspecified).
- 2 jet (black gemstone) necklaces.
- 15 jet items (unspecified).
- 3 jet earrings.
- 1 jet item (unspecified).
- 1 jet ring.
- 2 jet earrings.
- 1 jet item (unspecified).
- 5 jet necklaces.
- 2 jet bangles.

On 30 April 1687, a list of valuable items was recorded at Cape of Good Hope (Cabo), including:
- 2 pierced containers with lids
- 2 combs
- 1 small jug with its lid
- 1 jug with a spout
- 17 ingots (bars of metal)
- 1 filigree (decorative) medicine box
- 1 small case
- Broken silver pieces and chest fittings, including a worn-out teapot
- Total weight: 33 and 3/8 pounds of gold, 79 and 3/4 pounds of silver
- Additional packed items: a gold cross with 8 diamonds, a sealed document, a tea bottle with 7 pounds 6 ounces of spoiled musk, 29 ounces of gray amber, a small case, and a silver filigree snuffbox with beads.
At Castle of Good Hope on 5 April 1687, under H. Kruse and C.P. Linnesen Melchior, a registry of papers was sent by the Honorable Commander and Council at the Cape to Batavia via the ships Bantam and Goudestein. The list included:
- Original letter from the Commander and Council, dated 7 May 1687.
- 2 copies of the same letter, sent via the ship Ridderschap van Holland on 30 May 1687.
- Invoice and receipt for 10,909 guilders, 1 stuiver, and 4 pennies, loaded onto the Bantam.
- Petition from Batavia for the Cape Command.
- Extract from the Council of Justice minutes on 6 May 1687, regarding gold and silver brought by Lieutenant O. Bergh.
- Receipt for 24 enslaved people loaded onto the Bantam.
- Receipt for 25 enslaved people loaded onto the Goudestein.
- Invoice and receipt for 3 last (units of weight) of rye and 40 small sacks of garden seeds, costing 1,635 (currency not specified).
- Sealed letter from the exiled Macassarese prince Dam Mangali.
- Two secret letters for the year 1687.
On 7 May 1687, the ships Bantam and Goudestein arrived at the Cape. They were to sail to Ceylon with the ships Eenhoorn and Schiebroek for safety against pirates.
- 200,000 guilders in gold were loaded onto the ships, per orders from the Dutch East India Company (VOC).
- 200 pounds of "light gold" (likely lower-quality gold) were divided: ¾ on the Eenhoorn and the rest on the Schiebroek.
- The ships would not wait for the Hoeker Leeuwenberg but depart immediately to avoid pirate threats near Madagascar and the African coast.
On 7 May 1687, a letter was prepared for Governor-General Joannes Camphuys and the Council of Dutch India in Batavia, sent on 10 August 1687 via the ships Bantam and Goudestein.
- Mentions the ship Ridderschap leaving on 30 April with earlier letters.
- Reports that the Leeuwenberg and Saladijnbaai faced strong winds and currents, forcing the Sionen (with 202 people, 3 of whom died) to sail to Ceylon with 26 others. No one was sick upon arrival.

The text describes clothing rules for certain groups in Bugis and Makassar societies:
- Lower-status individuals were not allowed to wear yellow or black clothing, specifically the Sihobauri style, which was reserved for nobility and officials.
- For men, Sihobauri included:
  - A short jacket (zoodbaadje).
  - A cloth wrap (toode breek).
  - A green-trimmed garment.
  - A red headscarf with gold trim.
  - A tatapang (headdress) with gold ornaments.
  - A gold kris (dagger) with a green hilt and gold bands.
- For women, Sihobauri included:
  - A gold-trimmed bra and wrap.
  - A gold-trimmed dress.
  - A simpolang (hairpiece) with gold ornaments like rante inanila and aambanden Choelot boelot.
  - Bamboo and amber combs.
  - Gold amulets, armbands (in the shape of a scorpion), and beads.
  - A gold headband with 5 (not more) hanging plates (not pure gold).
  - A sibatoe (chest plate) that could not be pure gold unless permitted by the ruler.
  - No gold ankle bands (Cboelo boelo) or specific armbands like boefa.
- Princes and princesses could wear:
  - A large single-piece waistband (not segmented like others).
  - A gold zoempang (slotted armband) with 7 gold beads per arm.
  - A gold amulet with 4 parts.
  - A gold polbang (collar plate).
  - Gold kawacie (mirror plate), pamoneijang (ring for safekeeping), and a silver or gold pando (weapon sheath).
  - A gold-plated chris (dagger), unless gifted by the ruler.
Legal and social rules:
- Violators of clothing rules faced fines payable to local leaders (Reekkewegen or Cochtewegen).
- Criminal cases:
  - Village heads (kamponghoofden) first handled disputes, escalating to higher courts if needed.
  - The Rijksraad (council) or Vorst (ruler) made final judgments.
  - Fines (doorslag) or oaths could be imposed; only the Vorst could order execution.
  - Nobles could pay compensation (davertaaf) for killing lower-status individuals.
  - If someone of equal status was killed, the killer faced execution.
  - Fines went to the victim or their heirs. Nobles often received lighter punishments.
- Civil cases:
  - Minor disputes (small debts or low-value items) were settled by village heads.
  - Important cases or appeals went to the Rijksraad or Vorst, who followed adat biara (customary law).
- Fines for conflicts:
  - Commoners fighting: 4 gulden if insults were exchanged, 8 gulden if dogs were set on each other.
  - Freemen (wealthy/commoners) fighting: 4 gulden for insults, 1 tael (or 8 realen) for physical fights.
  - Princes fighting: 1 tael for insults, 249 tael for physical fights.
  - Insulting a superior required paying compensation for their honor.
  - If someone was injured in a fight, the guilty party paid Sapoe foewo Aokhong (half the value of the fine for personal/injury damages).

The inventory lists valuable and decorative items from a wealthy household, likely from the Dutch Golden Age.

Art and Decor:
- A large mirror with a black frame.
- A landscape painting with bees.
- Two landscape paintings, one with trees.
- A painting of a fruit display.
- Two Italian-style porcelain lamp stands (5 large, 2 medium, 2 large rolling ones).
- Porcelain items:
  - A large extinguisher (for candles) with a lid and a smaller one.
  - Two large porcelain jugs.
  - Three small porcelain extinguishers with lids.
  - A porcelain wine jug with a silver lid.
  - A porcelain "bosje" (small decorative vase or bouquet holder).
- A pair of parakeets (likely a decorative item or taxidermy).
- Two cups with small lids.
- Two small "commetjens" (likely small bowls or cups).
- 12 small porcelain cups.
- Two double porcelain butter dishes with a double butter bowl.
- Two single porcelain butter dishes.
- A large table made of ebony and "saccradanen" (likely a type of exotic wood).
- A smooth "haertyser" (possibly a type of fireplace screen or hearth accessory).
Items in the Front West Room:
- An iron chest containing:
  - Three silver candlesticks.
  - A silver snuffbox and its case.
  - A silver warming pan ("confoor").
  - Two large and three small silver salt cellars.
  - A small silver bowl with handles ("kommetje met ooren").
  - A large and two small trays with silver plates.
  - A silver pepper box.
  - A round silver serving tray.
  - An octagonal silver "legat" (likely a type of serving dish or bequest item).
  - 15 silver spoons marked with Bartholomeus Delens' name.
Jewelry and Personal Items:
- A testament (likely a will or religious text) with gold fittings and a gold chain.
- A pair of gold diamond pendant earrings, each with 20 stones.
- A red diamond brooch with 33 stones and a gold chain.
- Two large gold diamond table rings (likely signet rings).
- A gold "hoep ring" (hoop ring, possibly a wedding band).
- A small gold diamond "klaeuringetje" (likely a mourning or memorial ring).
Items in a Small Leather Case (inside the iron chest):
- Two gold signet rings with crests.
- A gilded small crest of Van Vos (likely a family name).
- A "barusteene" (possibly carnelian or another semi-precious stone) heart-shaped item with a gold rim.
- Two gold rings with low-quality stones.
- Two gold pins ("stiftjens").
- A pair of shoulder straps ("sjoude strickjens") with small pearls.
- A woman's small knife with a gold handle.
- A necklace of amber beads and another of "barusteene" (stone) beads.
Additional Items:
- A gold pocket watch ("thorologie") kept with and made for Jan van Peterson.
- A gold diamond "teckboot" (likely a tobacco box) with 11 stones, also linked to Hans van Peterson and inspected by him.

On October 30, 1747, a document from Cormandel listed import duties (taxes) on various goods brought into a Dutch trading post. These included:
- Slaves: 1.20 per person.
- Textiles like chitsen (cotton cloth), sarassen (a type of fabric): 1½ to 24 per unit.
- Spices and raw materials:
  - Cardamom, wax, indigo, sandalwood, pepper, lac, and radix china (Chinese roots): 1¼ to 24 per cattij (unit of weight).
  - Raw camphor: 2 per cattij (about 1¾ lb).
  - Thread, cotton, or kapok: 20 to 2 per 24 lb.
  - Lingo (a dye), sal ammoniac, and camphor: 2 to 5 per 24 lb.
  - Silk: 5 to 6 per 24 lb.
  - Sugar (candy and powdered), sulfur, gallnuts, and benzoin: 4 to 20 per bhaar (unit of weight).
  - Lead, iron, nails, steel, saltpeter, and sulfur: taxed per bhaar.
  - Alum and dye roots: 2 per bhaar.
- Miscellaneous goods:
  - Coconuts, spices, beads, incense, tobacco, bengal catsjolen (Bengal textiles), mats, oils, dried coconut, porcelain, mirrors, swords, civet, ambergris, elephant tusks, and more: 20 per unit.
  - Sailcloth: 2 to 40 per piece.
Ships and boats had to pay anchoring fees based on size:
- Ships over 100 lasten (a unit of cargo capacity): 3 per ship.
- Ships between 50 and 100 lasten: 1½ per ship.
- Small boats under 50 lasten: 12 per boat.
- Very small boats under 10 lasten (like fishing boats): 3 per boat.
- Boats used for loading/unloading goods (even foreign ones): ½ per boat.
Special rules for certain goods:
- Goods from Ceylon (Sri Lanka) had to pay half the usual import tax if sold locally.
- Unsold goods shipped elsewhere from the port were tax-free.
- Local merchants could bring goods from villages to the city tax-free if:
  - Goods were packed in villages under the supervision of a tax collector.
  - Goods were shipped out the same day.
  - The tax collector had to be present and note the contents for the governor.
- Goods brought in by sea and sold locally paid import tax. If unsold and re-exported within 4 months, no export tax was charged.
- Tax collectors could not charge more or less than the set rates.
For local boats (inlandse vaartuijgen), tax rates were set at 10, 11, or 12 (likely a percentage or fixed fee, though the exact unit is unclear in the text).

This inventory lists a collection of valuable items, clothing, and coins from the past. The items include:

A variety of gold coins and objects:
- A small gold coin from Frederick William
- A small square gold piece with a lamb
- A gold medal showing a man in armor and a woman
- A gold-set bloodstone in a rough box
- A gold ducat (a type of coin)
- A snuffbox made from elephant claw with amber decorations
- A box with gold chains
- A green silk purse with gold embroidery containing:
  - A quadruple (coin worth 4 units)
  - Two Spanish pistoles (gold coins)
  - Half a French pistol (coin)
  - 20 stuivers (small silver coins) and half a gold ducaton (large coin)
Small bags containing:
- Beads and caroline (small decorative) beads
- Jet (a black stone) and amber corals
- Small horns (likely decorative)
A drawer with silver coins, including:
- A riot coin from Amsterdam
- Two coins from the mines of Anhalt-Bernburg
- A nootmunt (emergency coin) from Breda
- Three pieces from Hanover
- A thick coin from the Dukes of Saxony
- Two Spanish ducatons (large silver coins)
- A coin from Queen Elizabeth
- Half a French rijksdaalder (coin)
- An English shilling
- Half a guilder (Dutch coin)
- Two silver duits (small coins)
- A sheep schelling (coin)
- A shooter’s coin from Utrecht
- A small silver coin with a lily
- A tin coin from Jacob Bohn
- A silver coin from the month of May
- An anniversary coin from the Elector of Palatinate
- Five sheep and bear-mantle schellings
- Two English shillings with a French piece worth 8 stuivers
- A silver clasp in a sewn box
Silver items for children:
- Small silver children’s pots
- A sewn box with 23 pieces of different silver doll accessories
More gold coins:
- A gold coin celebrating an inauguration in Breda
- A small gold coin of Charles the Bold (Duke of Burgundy)
- A Hungarian ducat from Maria Theresa
- A silver coin of Charles VI (Holy Roman Emperor)
- A silver sailor’s schelling
Fabric and clothing items:
- A box with old embroidered cushion covers
- A varnished small case
- A red cradle blanket with white embroidery
- A red fur-trimmed cloak
- A satin shawl
- A gold citse (fine fabric) blanket
- A red citse small blanket
- 5 wool blankets
- 5 children’s chest wraps
- 47 Marseille (fine linen) and other children’s caps
- 16 caps with lace
- 25 caps without lace
- 6 cotton and wool knitted chest wraps
- 18 small drawers
- 24 belly bands (for infants)
- 4 swaddling cloths
- 3 small shirts with a waistband
- 3 riding bodices (stiff children’s jackets)
- 8 pairs of gloves
- 5 pairs of mittens
- 4 wool and 7 linen little coats
- 7 dresses
- 9 pairs of wool and linen socks
- 2 bodices and 2 chest wraps
- 3 pairs of sleeves
- 3 caps
- 6 handkerchiefs and 6 pairs of sleeves
- A wool blanket
- A silk hat

On 17 May 1732, Jan Banda reported the following events and orders:

On that day, they received 118 pounds of tortoiseshell from Costij (likely a coastal area). The situation there was described as peaceful.
However, local people were struggling to dive for mother-of-pearl shells, claiming they were lying too deep. This caused great concern.
Jan Banda strongly recommended that local leaders (orang kaijen and lands grooten) be ordered to push the people to collect these shells. They were told to spare no effort and ensure a yearly supply was gathered and sent to avoid displeasure from the High Indian Government (Dutch colonial authorities in the East Indies).
Local leaders were also questioned about why, in 1732, they had refused to provide ships and help to Dutch sailors from Van Banda—specifically the patjall: d' kisser, intree, and Chaloup de bierkan—to capture unauthorized traders ("swervers").
If needed, the leaders were to be reminded in friendly terms that, as allies and subjects of the Dutch East India Company (EComp), they were obligated to help seize these illegal traders. In return, they would receive the captured ships (or a share of them) and two-thirds of the goods found (excluding crew and weapons).
Additionally, Jan Banda was ordered to oversee not only the already planted coffee, sapodilla, and sassafras trees but also ensure that seeds for jatij wood (likely teak or a similar valuable tree), sent by the High Indian Government that year, were planted as soon as possible.

On 20 June 1729, from Ternate, a report was made about events in November of that year:

On 23 November, clove trees were transported.
The second main group of workers was called together, divided into teams, and inspected as before.
Local people from Goura and Motedjouw were sent to Peerl Vamoer, Schulp, and another location (abbreviated as E:a) to gather information. They returned in the evening but found nothing.

On 1 December (referred to as the "first Tuesday"):

The second main group of workers was divided into teams and inspected, with 8 people found missing.
Two locals, Jsneen, Entolo, and Carret, were sent out to gather shells but returned empty-handed as before.

On 2 December (referred to as the "first Wednesday"):

The first main group of workers did nothing due to heavy rain.
The second group left their homes and went to a place called Spruit Waij Gafi, where they stayed.
A bricklayer reported that the Dutch East India Company’s marker (called a pilaar) was completed.
6 units (unspecified) were transported, costing 6 (currency unspecified).

On 13 September 1725, a report from Ternate described the difficulties in obtaining two key resources: mother-of-pearl shells and supplies from Manado.

The Dutch received only basic necessities from Manado, enough for their own use but nothing extra.
Small, thin, and low-quality mother-of-pearl shells could be found in the region, but local people showed little interest in collecting them.
Even offering high payments (like 50 rijksdaalders per picol—a weight measurement) failed to motivate the locals to gather more shells.
A sergeant stationed in Xulla reported that the people of Taljabo also had shells but refused to collect them, despite his efforts.
After much persuasion, the sergeant managed to obtain just 188 shells, which the locals handed over without accepting payment—likely to avoid future demands.
As a result, only the 188 mother-of-pearl shells were stored in a chest at the time of the report.

On 18 March 1704, a letter was written from Cheribon (now Cirebon) to Governor-General Willem van Outhoorn and the Council of the Dutch East Indies in Batavia (now Jakarta). The letter was received on 25 March 1704 via a Dutch ship called the Ombol Wirabatja.
The letter described serious troubles caused by a rebel leader named Rading Pourwata in the inland regions. Survivors from Imbanagara and nearby areas arrived in Cheribon on 13 and 14 March 1704, reporting that their lands and people had been destroyed by Rading Pourwata and his followers.
Many villagers had fled, leaving behind wives and children, who were often captured. Some people had even joined Rading Pourwata, who was causing the most harm. The survivors had no choice but to abandon their homes to escape the rebels.
Rading Pourwata had gathered around 3,000 followers, mostly criminals, including leaders like Rossabang, Passouroangh, Rapamangala (from Lamotang), and Jandra Mangala Ombol (from Mannonjeija). They were attacking villages, burning homes, and forcing people to join them.
The survivors urgently asked the Dutch for help, warning that if no action was taken, the entire Priang region would fall into chaos. They included a translated letter from Tomimongong Wiradadaha of Sukerpoera (dated 15 March 1704) to support their claims.
A Dutch official in Tersijde reported that troublemakers from Talaga and Cawalie were working with Rading Pourwata. The official warned the local rulers of Cheribon to be cautious, and they promised to take action to prevent further problems.
On the same day, a messenger named Craoangse Ombol Dragen Pas. Wira. 30 also arrived with more news.

A planned road from Bandung to Cirebon would make the Bandung-Cilacap route less useful because the shorter distance from Bandung to Cirebon would often make the Bandung-Cilacap line unnecessary.
The most important connection was considered to be between Bandung and Batavia (the center of trade and government). If a railway line from Bandung were built 40 miles from Cirebon in the northern plains, Batavia would be too far from Bandung, and little would be transported between them. Meanwhile, goods from Cirebon to Batavia could mostly travel by sea, leaving an unprofitable railway stretch from the midpoint to Batavia.
Difficult terrain between Bandung and Cirebon also posed challenges. The railway line from Bandung to Yogyakarta (the "southern line")—without a branch to Cirebon—was seen as the only necessary and most productive route, unlike the "northern plains line."
The southern line would create new trade opportunities without harming existing ones, as coastal shipping would still be sufficient.
Document signed in Arnhem on 7 April 1671 by d'Mulnis.

This text describes the difficult journey of a Dutch ship in the early 1600s, including the struggles of a sailor named Jan van Spierdyck and the challenges faced by the crew.

167: Jan van Spierdyck suffered greatly and nearly died, but he eventually recovered. The ship prepared to leave after 27 days.
Death continued to claim crew members, but they hoped God would spare them. Supplies like butter and vinegar were running low, and they drank only a small amount of Spanish wine each day.
The crew received some livestock: 16 sheep, 55 oxen, 3 calves, and 5 goats. Food was scarce, and the quartermaster distributed what little remained.
The crew was tired from long work and lack of sleep. They prayed for safety as they sailed through rough seas.
April 12, 1615: When they returned to port, they learned that their usual supplies (bread, butter, and meat) were no longer fully provided.
April 17: They spotted the island of Mauritius but struggled to approach it due to bad weather. They anchored near the island’s walls late at night.
Soon after, they received terrible news: two ships had been lost in a storm, including the Banda and the Prouuntien, along with their crews and admiral. A third ship, the Gelderland, barely survived after losing its masts.
The Delft managed to save some goods, but the losses were devastating for everyone.

On 12 December, Jaecques Boussel, a partner in the Dutch East India Company (VOC), died aboard a ship near Bantam and was buried at sea.
On the same day, the yacht den Witte Baer was ordered to sail from Chizer to Mauritius to pick up its cargo, then continue to the Dutch Republic.
Also on 12 December, it was decided—with the approval of the council—that one of their ships would sail from Jacatra (now Jakarta). The ship Blissingen had already left for Amboina, and others were expected to gather there before heading to Banda and then Pulo Way (or Pulau Ai) to capture it by force.
The late General Reynst had long planned this attack and intended to lead it personally, but his death prevented this.
On 16 December, the senior council of the Dutch East India Company, along with merchants and ship captains, met to appoint a capable leader for the mission. They chose the writer of the text (name not given) to command the fleet.
The plan was to first sail to Soluor (likely Solor) with the ship de Engel, remove the governor and his men, and destroy the fort there, as it was costly to maintain and of little use.
From Solor, the fleet would quickly move to Amboina to prepare for the attack on Banda, then proceed to Pulo Way to conquer it by force.
After securing victory, the fleet would sail to Ternate, then to Manila or the Philippines, taking advantage of the monsoon winds, to further the Dutch East India Company’s interests.
The fleet would include the ships: t’ Loape van Amsterdam, Amsterdam (the ship that had carried the late General Reynst), de Engel, Groot Hoorn, and three other smaller ships waiting in the Molucas (Maluku Islands).
The writer hoped to fulfill their duty to benefit the Dutch East India Company’s masters and asked for divine strength to carry out the mission.
The death of General Reynst left much work undone, forcing the writer to end abruptly, trusting in the wisdom and discretion of the reader.

On October 19, 1614, a Dutch ship sailed westward with a southeasterly wind. The next day, the wind shifted to the southwest, and the crew measured the water depth at 2 degrees. On October 21, the wind was southern, and they tried to approach Annobon Island (spelled as Atnabon in the text) but stayed about two quarters (a nautical measure) away after spotting the island to the northwest.

By October 22, the island lay to their north, and they headed toward it. The southern tip was estimated to be around 60 miles from Cabo de Santa Clara (likely Cape Saint Clara). At midday, they anchored and sent a letter in Portuguese to the governor of Annobon Island, requesting peaceful trade. The governor replied warmly, promising supplies and sending pineapples, apples, and bananas to the ship. The crew also killed a shark near a cliff.

On October 23, a large boat with 8 musketeers was sent ashore to guard those collecting fruit. The quartermaster ordered no one to leave the boat, but the crew disobeyed, rushing onto the island. The officers were surprised the locals didn’t take them captive, knowing the Dutch had previously captured Portuguese prisoners. The boat returned at midday with around 2,000 pineapples. The crew was verbally reprimanded, and the quartermaster blamed the sailors for ignoring orders.

To prevent further disobedience, it was decided that Claes Petersz, the chief mate, would accompany the next trip ashore to keep the crew in line.

The noblemen Decoral and Engel Lonckegg from the plantation Meerzorg owed a debt to a man named Engeb & Wicke. The amount was 185 guilders and 5 stuivers in Dutch currency. This debt was linked to the wages earned by Hendrik Fasy, recorded on December 31, 1788. The total noted in the account was 18,893 guilders, 11 stuivers, and 6 pennies.

Hendrik Fasy wrote a request for payment on 1 October 1788 from the plantation Blis Meersorg in Demerara.
He asked a nobleman (referred to as "WelEdele Heer I S De Coras 49") to pay Willem Peyam Hopgenson a total of 530 guilders in current coins.
The money was for a person described as an "En Neger" (enslaved individual) named Banger.
Fasy claimed this amount was part of his earned "Gassie" (likely a share or commission) and described himself as the nobleman’s servant ("Zwoddienaar").

On 24 May 1802, Hosephues Ernert Bohi, assisted by the secretary of Demerara, appeared before two respected witnesses, including Hendrik Fasy, a local resident. During this meeting, Bohi formally authorized Vrael Loncke to act on his behalf with special powers.

Loncke was given the authority to appear before the Honorable Lords Commissioners of the Court of Justice in Demerara.
He was to receive a transfer document (a type of property deed) for a land grant located in front of the plantation called Werk en Rust, identified as number 58.
Loncke was also authorized to transfer this same land grant to I.P. Muacker, ensuring that all financial obligations for the land were fully paid.

Bohi promised to approve all actions legally carried out by Loncke under this authorization. The document was officially recorded in Demerara on the date mentioned above, with Willem Mooij and E. Oink serving as witnesses. The record was certified by M. Hendrik Gadij Bonma, the acting secretary, and R. Onink.

On January 18, 1682, the ship De Doede Hoope recorded expenses and goods transported, including:

Food and supplies like 600 pounds of rice, 100 measures of vinegar, 2 boxes of soap, 320 measures of brandy, and various sugars (totaling 1,126 pounds).
Other items: 9 measures of cranes, 6 pounds of wax, 9 pounds of hops, 5,500 "Cape stones" (likely ballast or building materials), 8 bundles of rattan, and 49 small drinking glasses.
Materials from the Dutch East India Company (VOC) warehouses: 3 barrels of beer, 2 grain bins, and ropes.

Labor and wages for January 1682 included payments to:

6 masons, 1 blacksmith, 1 cooper (barrel-maker), 1 brass-founder, and 18 sailors (9 people at 2 guilders each).
Telletije Hartmans, a midwife, for her monthly wage (24 guilders).
An animal keeper for caring for two young stallions (6 guilders).
Martinus van Banchem, a shopkeeper, for distributing subsidies (300 rixdollars or 900 guilders).
The widow of Pieter Visagye, a free citizen, for delivering 25 bushels of barley to the VOC (112 guilders, 10 stivers).
Animal keepers at De Kuilen for shooting a lion and a wolf (28 guilders).
Citizen Arnoldus Willemse for a prize for shooting a wolf (33 guilders).
Woodcutters for extra work (2,292 guilders, 14 stivers).

Total expenses for January 1682 in Castle De Tot de Hoope amounted to 10,898 guilders, 10 stivers, and 13 pennies.
The remaining balance from February 1 was 8,605 guilders, 16 stivers, and 13 pennies.
After adding transport costs, the total became 10,378 guilders, 18 stivers, and 13 pennies, with a credit note of 1,089 guilders, 4 stivers.

In January 1682, the financial records of Castle of Good Hope in Cape Town included:
- Income from transported goods:
  - 400 pounds of iron at 17 guilders per 100 pounds.
  - 218 pounds of Birijmise tobacco, 2 sickles at 2 guilders each.
  - Pipes: 6 gros of fine pipes at 3 guilders 1 duit, and 19 gros of common pipes at 1.5 guilders.
  - 1 barrel of brandy at 4 guilders.
- Total income from goods: 46 guilders.
- Expenses paid by De Coster from the Company’s cash for:
  - Burial fees for citizens Pieter Visage and Jochem Marquaert in the churchyard: 4 rijksdaalders.
  - Use of burial clothes and 8 rijksdaalders for making two coffins: 15 guilders 4 duits.
- Total expenses: 370 guilders 12 duits 4 penningen.
- Net total: 10,898 guilders 10 duits 1 penning.
New arrivals via transport:
- Workers and officials (1 person each unless noted):
  - Andries Bayer, wagon maker foreman.
  - Dirck Predorius, stablemaster.
  - Jacobus van Name, assistant surgeon.
  - Casper Carpentier.
  - Jan Dirxe, locksmith.
  - Frans Beem, consul.
  - Joris Christiaense, mason’s assistant.
  - Jan Wessels, butcher foreman.
  - Jacobus Buttendorp, garrison clerk.
- 10 unnamed people at 3 realen each: 30 realen total.
- Other workers (1 person each unless noted):
  - Christiaen van Wollen, slave overseer.
  - Jan Hendrixe, foreman of the round forest.
  - Lucas Fredrixe, hospital cook.
  - Harmen Reman, copper beater.
  - Hendricq Govertse, dike worker.
  - Harmen Colenus, sick attendant.
- 6 unnamed people at 2 realen each: 12 realen total.
Skilled workers and their wages:
- 1 hat maker, 1 cooper at the grain barn, 1 ship loader, 1 gilder, 1 gardener, 1 stone baker, carpenters, 5 masons, 6 blacksmiths, 2 coopers, 1 wagon maker, 2 quartermasters, 1 consul’s servant, 1 sailmaker.
- 15 corporals at 1 rijksdaalder each: 19 guilders 19 duits.
- 19 unnamed people at 1 reael each: 208 guilders.
- 208 common soldiers and sailors at 9 reael each: 156 guilders.
Additional expenses:
- 470.5 realen at 48 stuivers each: 1,129 guilders 4 duits.
- 2 masons at 3 guilders each: 6 guilders.
- 1 local cooper at 1 reael.
- 32 unnamed people at 1.5 reael each: 48 realen.
Total expenses from the Hobi Cash: 68 guilders 4 duits.
Remaining balance: 6,378 guilders 18 duits and 205.5 realen.
Recorded in January 1682, entry number 38, page 4.

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