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In Japan, under 1818, the Emperor requested several items: In 1819, the following was sent: The Emperor also requested various plants and seeds: Most of these plants and seeds could not be obtained. Several telescopes of different sizes were also mentioned in the shipment.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 2213 / 0314  


In Cape of Good Hope Castle on October 2, 1748, colonial officials wrote about various shipments and maritime affairs. They mentioned sending rosemary oil, mint, marmalade, and salted roses, along with documentation. They noted that wheat, ostrich feathers, and oil would be sent on the next available ship. The letter discusses: They reported that the ship Breedenhoff arrived on September 30. Its officers reported meeting the ship Zeelandia in the Channel on June 9. The ship Hercules remained in Texel, possibly delayed by a month. The letter was signed by H. Swellengrebel, R. Tulbagh, R. Altemaar, W. Steijims, C. Brand, Corn. Eelders, and J. de Grandpreez. A postscript mentioned that minister Johan Jochem Sijbrand, who arrived on the ship Eendragt, had to stay due to severe illness. On October 3, 1748, they acknowledged receiving preliminary peace agreements from April 19 via the English warship Fartar, concerning negotiations between Great Britain, the Dutch state, and France at the congress in Aachen.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 9900 / 0057  


In Mocha, merchants were dealing with various trade issues. The traders from Cambaija and Suratte had bought up all the good quality root vegetables, and wouldn't sell small quantities except old stock that was poor quality. The price was 65 rx for a bhaer, while the traders from Cambaija and Suratte had bought them for 48-55 rx. For His Royal Highness Prince of Orange and Raja Zinga, no rarities could be obtained in Mocha despite promises from Abyssinian Christians to provide falcons, ostriches, and striped donkeys. The medical supplies requested by doctor Paul Harman for the pharmacy could not be found. Various promises were made, especially regarding Egyptian balsam which grows near Grankaijer and above Sjoda, but since no Turkish galleys arrived during the stay, nothing materialized. The trade records show: The Company's Chiraef (inspector) valued the gold at 15 rx per ounce. It was accepted in exchange for 2,690½ pounds or 102 frasel 8 man of zinc. This arrangement was necessary because no significant silver currency was brought that year, and Spanish reals were only accepted with a 15% markup, traded secretly due to government restrictions on currency premiums. In early July, there was a lengthy dispute between the Suratte traders and the government because traders would only trade goods for Spanish reals, under which all transactions were settled.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 1343 / 0491  


On December 5, 1731, a report was sent from Cape of Good Hope regarding a case with glass panes and tarragon plants. The chief surgeon, who had remained on the ship Leiden, was transported successfully. The ship Hofvlied delivered items for which officials expressed thanks.

They promised to send 4 cases of tarragon plants when possible, along with previously requested ostriches. Money from Sumatra regents was to be given to Demang Wiera Laga and his son according to earlier orders.

The chief surgeon Gillis Poppe from the ship 's Heeren Arentskerk, who had to stay behind due to illness, recovered and was cleared to travel to Batavia.

The letter was signed by several officials including:

The chief surgeon of the ship 't Wapen van Hoorn reported that their main cause of numerous illnesses and deaths during the voyage from the homeland to Cape of Good Hope was the prolonged struggles near the equator and in the Gulf of Guinea, caused by continuous contrary conditions.

View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 9143 / 0052  


In a letter from Ceylon dated November 10, 1679, it is reported that despite efforts, no rarities could be obtained in Mocha for His Royal Highness Prince of Orange and Ragia Zinga, even though Abyssinian Christians had promised to deliver falcons, ostriches, and striped forest donkeys. The medicines requested by Doctor Paul Harman for the medical store could not be found, despite inquiries with various surgeons. Egyptian balsam, which grows near Grankaijer and above Sjeda, was promised but not delivered because no Turkish galleys arrived during the writer's stay. The financial transactions included: A dispute arose in early July between Surati traders and the government regarding currency exchange rates. The traders refused to trade unless European ducats were valued at 2 rix-dollars. On July 18, currency rates were adjusted: The broker Somsij Benaen, previously employed by the Company, was captured by musketeers on his way to Mocha.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 1351 / 0209  


Here's the HTML-formatted summary:

In a letter to officials, they regretfully explain they cannot deliver the requested amount of rye since this year's crop needs another month before harvest, and they have no supply left from last year. Regarding new and fresh garden seeds, they will be richly provided. Of the sent Ceylon elks, peacocks, and deer, for which they especially thank Commander van der Stel, only 4 animals survived the journey, with the rest dying en route. The letter mentions Ternatese court officials who had taken up arms against the East India Company. One of them, named Boemij Tampale, recently died. They report that the ship Sillida arrived in Gale on November 24 of the previous year with 236 slaves from Madagascar, traded at Magalagie for the Sillida mines on Sumatra's west coast. In March, the ship Burgh van Leiden brought worrying news from the homeland about:

At the time, they couldn't predict where these developments might lead, but it appeared all of Christendom might be alarmed and a new war might arise.

View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 4018 / 0694  


In Colombo Castle on February 22, 1683 and May 27, 1683, officials wrote about various matters: The document was signed by Lourens Pijll, Tomas van Rhee, Edmondt van Sterreveldt, Joan Pastelijn, W. Vanden Beecq, Joan Faitconier, and Floris Blomrt.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 4018 / 0073  


Two Khoikhoi people told them that their numbers were declining. When asked about the Namaqua, they knew very little. After crossing a small hill, they arrived in a beautiful valley on the east side of Diebeeck's Castle. That day, they marched 1.5 miles and saw 13 horses, 5 rhinos, many ostriches, and thousands of hartebeest. On the 5th, they set out in rainy weather heading north. Mr. Pieter went ahead as usual, followed by two Khoikhoi. At a hollow river, a lion jumped at the Khoikhoi. They shouted "Mr. Pieter, Mr. Pieter!" When the lion saw him, it ran toward Riebeeck's Castle. Going further, they encountered hartebeest, wounding four but only catching one. They loaded it on an ox and marched to the Great Mountain River, which they crossed safely. While cutting up the hartebeest and making a fire to cook, the dry vegetation caught fire, endangering their gunpowder and bread bags. That night, a hippopotamus came close to their fire, and the guard shot at it. Three wolves prowled around them all night, howling. On the 6th, they had to let their cattle rest. Herman Ernst, who was unwell, was given medicine. On the 7th, they continued northeast. After half a mile, they reached a river flowing from the mountains toward the north-northwest, which they named the Small Mountain River. It was full of hippopotamuses. Some Sonqua people came to warn them that the Namaqua would kill them. Despite offers of tobacco and beads, none would guide them to the Namaqua. The two Khoikhoi guides became discouraged, but Mr. Pieter reassured them. They marched two more miles, and while some men went fishing, they caught many carp within half an hour.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3995 / 1266  


In Candia, the Emperor showed great appreciation for the Dutch East India Company's efforts in sending gifts, including two special birds called Hancias. These gifts were delayed due to unfavorable days called "Ettavaha Cona sangrandi," and had to be rested at various stops to prevent misfortune. The Emperor was particularly pleased with the efforts made by searching different lands with ships to find these birds. Due to this and other loyal services, he wished for the Dutch to remain in his lands for many years. In April, the imperial letters and gifts, along with the Ambassador, were to be received by His Imperial Majesty. The Ambassador secured permission for cinnamon peeling in wild lands where it had been harvested before. When three Dutch ships from Bengal were heading to Gale, one sank. 9 Dutch people and 10 sailors survived by swimming to a place called Carandavoli. The Emperor ordered them to be brought to Candia and then transferred to Colombo with the Ambassador. A letter was received warning about the dangers of the Dutch staying in unfamiliar lands.

View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 1655 / 0378  


The text discusses correspondence about ships and trade in colonial times. The Dutch ambassador in Cadiz had detained some vessels. The authorities were pleased that ship captains strictly followed sailing orders, leading to quick and successful voyages. They were waiting for a response to a letter from January 9, along with promised garden seeds and artichoke plants. They expressed interest in acquiring young ostriches as gifts for Raja Singa and others, noting this elderly ruler's fondness for such presents. Garden seeds and provisions sent with Polanen arrived in small quantities, disappointing enthusiasts. They received good-quality windhounds sent the previous year with Outshoorn. While unable to fulfill current demands due to early orders to Persia, they promised to consider future requests. They couldn't send 60 or more loads of rice due to limited ship space, as cargo ships were scarce and needed for missions to the Maldives and mapping expeditions. However, they suggested that if a hoeker (small vessel) was sent, it could return with rice in October or November. The current shipment included:

The ship 't Huis te Velsen would depart first, with Kattenburg and Soetendaal following 15-16 days later.

View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 1274 / 0675  


On April 29, 1711, officials in Castle of Good Hope wrote a letter, signed by L. V. Assenburgh, W. Helot, Olof Bergh, A. P. van der Laan, K. J. Slosboo, J. Swellengreebel, and W. van Putte. They expressed concern about the ship Engewormer, which had departed with Doornik and Barsande but hadn't arrived yet. They also mentioned purchasing two young ostriches for 5 Rijksdaalders each, noting that older ostriches don't travel well and easily die.

They could only send 74¼ pounds of garden seeds instead of the requested 100 pounds, and couldn't fulfill the rye request because there had been almost no rye harvest in the past two years.

In a later note dated May 9, 1711, they reported that the ship Den Bergh had arrived. It had left Texel on January 1 with 7 company ships. During the voyage, 14 people died and 53 were sick. The letter was addressed to Governor-General Abraham van Riebeeck and the Council of Batavia.

View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 4066 / 0469  


Here's the summary in modern English:

On October 1731, at the trading post in Nangasacki, Japan, Governor Vosso I. Snaba NoCammi Lamma and imperial agent Sacquemon made several requests:

For the Japanese Crown Prince:

For Governor Naba Nocammi Samma:

For Imperial Factor Jacquemon Donne:

View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 2213 / 0029  


On October 16, 1761, a slave named Januarij van Batavia, owned by farmer Alerijn Smid, made a statement to clerk Lucas Digismundus Faber in Batavia. He testified about events that happened about a month earlier at a farm in Swartland while his owner and owner's wife were away fishing.

A Khoikhoi man named Arend had come to the farm with his two children, Jantje and Adam, and his sheep. He was waiting for Januarij's owner to return. One morning, while Arend was watching ostriches on the land, a gunshot was heard. Januarij and a fellow slave named Eva, who were watching the house, went to investigate.

They saw Arend running, being chased by farmer Hendrik Ras, who carried a stick, and his son Claas Ras, who had a gun. The Ras men shouted at Arend to stop, but he refused, saying they would beat him if he did. Arend then ran into the house but quickly fled when he found the owner wasn't there.

The two Ras men then entered the house searching for a Khoikhoi woman named Cathoijn, who they claimed had run away from their farm. When they couldn't find her, they forced Januarij to unlock a room where they found Arend's two children, with whom Januarij had been playing earlier. The Ras men then left without taking the children.

View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 10960 / 0754  


On February 1, Captain Edate came with two sheep to trade. They wanted 5 staffs of copper and tobacco, but this was considered too much. The group traveled northeast to a nice river containing mussels similar to those in the homeland. They saw 2 rhinoceros and 3 ostriches that day, traveling 2 miles while trying to keep their goods dry.

On February 2, they headed north-northeast to a small water valley, then changed course northward to a dry river. They saw 9 zebras and 4 ostriches, traveling 1.5 miles.

On February 3, they went northeast, then north-northeast. A lion was spotted on the path but ran away. They reached a dry clay river where they dug for water but found it too thick to drink. They headed toward Riebeeck's Castle, a mountain visible from the Cape that was 7-8 miles around. The mountain housed lions, rhinoceros, horses, ostriches, and hartebeest, with good grass and water. According to Pieter Cruijthoff, there was decent farmland around the mountain. They traveled 4.5 miles that day, with a lion prowling nearby during the night.

On February 4, they traveled east over the ridge beside Riebeeck's Castle, then northeast, losing sight of Table Mountain. They found three houses of Sonquas (robbers) by a small river. The Sonquas had caught many carp. The writer gave them tobacco and had two men collect from large anthills.

View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3995 / 1264  


In November 1443, officials discussed sending a rhinoceros horn and young ostrich eggs. They hoped to maintain peace with a foreign ruler. The Dutch East India Company (referred to as Comp.) wanted to keep its position in the land secure. Unfortunately, they only had one rhinoceros horn in stock to send as a gift, along with three young ostriches. They hoped these would arrive safely.

Following instructions from November 29th of the previous year, they were asked to procure rare living creatures for Raja Binga. The document mentions medical herbs for the apothecary's shop and a shipment of newly harvested rye. The cost was recorded as 32 guilders.

The ship "Guldewagen" was ready to sail. Due to necessity, they had to remove some cargo meant for Ceylon, including a case of iron ram-hooks. This cargo was worth 25 guilders, 13 stuivers, and 3 pennies according to the homeland invoice. The ship received sailing orders to take the outer route to Ceylon this season. The document is signed by Simon.

View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 10436 / 0133  


On the ship d'Eendragt, the following goods were transported: 270¾ pounds of garden seeds, 10 loads of wheat, 1 load of rye, 2 measures of grey peas, 2 measures of white peas, 2 measures of white beans, 12 barrels of Cape wine, 2 wild donkeys, 120 pieces of chamois leather, 20 pieces of red leather, and 20 pieces of yellow leather. These items were documented in the accompanying bill of lading.

Additional items were promised to be sent on the next available ship, including ostrich feathers and whale oil. However, some requested seeds and herbs could not be sent as they were unavailable. These included 20 pieces of grey leather, 20 pounds of rue, 40 pounds of wormwood, 25 pounds of rosemary, various oils, 12 pounds of marmalade, 1 barrel of preserved roses, and 4 pounds of rosemary extract.

A secret letter was enclosed regarding flags and signals to be shown to returning ships at Leeuwen Copen Bil in the coming year and during winter in Baaij Fuls. The ship Breedenhoff arrived on September 30. Its crew reported encountering the ship Zeelandia in the Channel on June 9, which was heading to Ceylon. The ship Herculles remained in Texel and was expected to follow about a month later.

View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 4175 / 0244  


On February 26, 1732, from Cape of Good Hope, officials sent four ostriches to Batavia. They hoped the birds would survive the journey and instructed the ship's authorities to take good care of them. The ship Pallas arrived at Robben Island on February 25.

The letter was signed by various officials including Jan de Lafontaine, A. V. Kervel, D. V. D. Henghel, J. F. Rhenius, N. Neyning, H. Swellengrebel, C. Brand, and R. Tulbagh at Castle of Good Hope.

A previous letter dated October 18 was sent to Governor-General Diderik Durven and the Council of the Dutch East Indies via Captain Pieter Tinnekens, who commanded the water ship De Cockenge. A second copy of sailing instructions for the return ships' commanders was included because not all captains had signed the first one due to haste. The ship Prattenburg was waiting for its boat to return.

View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 2256 / 0171  


The slave named Thomas entered the slave house through a window and slept there, leaving very early in the morning. The witness testified that he knew nothing about what happened between his wife and Thomas the following morning, as he had been in the fields chasing away ostriches. Later that same day, Thomas was captured and brought to the place of the witness's mother-in-law, widow of Andries Bester, where he was tied up. In the evening, Thomas asked to have his bindings loosened. The slave maid named Eva asked Thomas whom he had intended to murder, to which he replied that he had wanted to murder his mistress. This testimony was given at Castle of Good Hope, witnessed by clerks Frederik Wilhelm Alleman and Johan Adolph Kuuchl, along with Secretary C.L. Neethling. During a later review of the testimony, Gedult van Ceylon added that he had not mocked Thomas about his chains, that he had given Thomas a knife about three months earlier to cut bread, and that Thomas had been slightly drunk when he came to the kitchen that evening.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 10970 / 0134  


In his report from December 9, 1665, merchant Gruijs wrote about various requests for exotic birds to be sent to Gedo. For Mr. van ijsijn deijngakh, the following birds were requested: The interpreter Sinosiedr in Gedo had repeatedly asked for these rarities for the emperor. In Nagasaki, the mayor sacquemond questioned why no rarities had been sent to His Majesty for many years and whether the Dutch still respected the emperor. Gruijs also reported problems with copper trading. They had initially secured 3,100 pieces, but the local suppliers deceived them. Though promised 9,000-10,000 pieces, they only received 5,984. Gruijs believed the Japanese deliberately misled them to make them eager to trade copper, fearing that if they had known the true small amount available, the Dutch might have stopped trading altogether. The Japanese maintained extremely high prices until the very end of the trading period.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 1253 / 0703  


A letter mentions a financial transaction of ƒ 9,232.3.3 for the government. The writer requests several items, including:

The rhinoceros and ostriches are intended for the island's emperor, who is reportedly eager to receive them. The writer hopes these gifts will help maintain peace. Despite attempts to arrange an audience with the emperor, their ambassador has not yet been received at court. Nevertheless, they were able to harvest cinnamon from the forests without interference, collecting about 8,000 packages of 80 pounds each from the emperor's territory for the Company.

View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 10436 / 0452  


In a report dated May 11, 1710, from the Castle of Good Hope, several officials including Louis van Assenburg, Joan Cornelis Hesius, O. Berg, d'Ableing, Joan Adolf vander Laan, K.J. Slotsbom Cruse, Willem van Putten, and Willem Helot wrote about ship cargo matters.

They mentioned taking 10 barrels of butter from a ship called the "Old Naarden" for government needs, as all their supplies had been given to the recently departed return fleet. They were also sending 3 ostriches to Governor-General Abraham van Riebeek, as recommended by van Hoorn. Some ostriches had died, as they noted these birds are very delicate when young, but they hoped the surviving ones would make it through the journey. They also shipped half a barrel of marmalade.

In a postscript, they reported that the ship "House of Heemert" had arrived at noon with only one death and no sick people on board. They also noted seeing another ship on the horizon.

View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 10832 / 0147  


At the Nangasaki trading post in 1727:
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 2061 / 0729  


From Cape Town, a shipment of goods was sent that included: A bill of lading documented these items. The missing wheat from their previous order, along with ostriches and whale oil (once processed), would be sent with the next available ship. However, the other requested seeds and herbs could not be sent as they were unavailable. A confidential letter about flags and signals for the coming year was also included.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 2735 / 0060  


In 556, only 4 peacocks and deer out of a shipment from Ceylon survived the journey, for which special thanks were given to Commander van der Stell. The writer expressed interest in receiving more animals in future shipments. The small size of their vessel prevented them from sending young ostriches in return. The message also mentions Ternatese rebels who had taken up arms against the Company and were transported to Batavia on returning ships, following orders from high officials.

View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 10436 / 1461  


In Cape of Good Hope on February 26, 1732, officials wrote about several ships including the Hoffvlieten, Schuijtwijk, and Pallas. The letter references previous correspondence from September 14 and October 9 of the previous year. The officials reported sending 4 ostriches, hoping they would survive the journey to Batavia. The ship's authorities were instructed to take good care of these birds. The letter also mentions that the Pallas had arrived at the harbor from Robben Island on February 25.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 9142 / 0173  



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