Users of Open Archives can have summaries generated from the recognized texts (transcriptions) produced through text recognition (OCR) and handwriting recognition (HTR). Neither of these artificial intelligence tasks is perfect, but they are often more than sufficient to make the historical document understandable. In the transcripts, names are underlined in green and clickable (to search the personal entries on Open Archives for the name in question), the recognized dates have a light gray background and recognized place names have a light purple background. The results of the application of (European) artificial intelligence have not been verified by a human.
On
22 February 1783, officials reported that timber and planks were lost during the voyage from their location to
Batavia when heavy storms and high seas caused the rafts to break loose and drift away. They argued this loss was due to bad weather at sea, not to negligence or dishonesty. They requested that the commanders not be held financially responsible on their pay accounts, even though one of them,
Lucas Sijbrands, had died after returning seriously ill from the main settlement. They asked to credit back amounts of ƒ236:2:— and ƒ374:5:— to the main settlement instead.
Under the domain section, they reported complaints from the
Chinese Captain of
Samarang,
Tan Lecko, who leased the bird's nest cliffs in eastern and western
Balemboangang. He complained about extensive and increasing theft and robbery at the cliffs, where thieves gathered during harvest time and stole most of the bird's nests. Some residents of
Balemboangang appeared to secretly help them, and the remote location of the cliffs made prevention impossible. In 1782, only 30 caddies of bird's nests were collected, worth 300 Spanish reals, while the lease cost was 2,400 Spanish reals plus another 492 in other charges, totaling 2,892 Spanish reals. This created an annual loss of 2,592 Spanish reals. The petitioner requested to be released from the lease and suggested transferring it to the regents of eastern and western
Balemboangang, who seemed willing and had better means to guard the cliffs as they were located in their territory. The petitioner committed to paying the full lease amount of 2,400 Spanish reals for the remaining 2 years until the end of December 1784, if he could receive the bonus that the regents normally received from the lease payment to compensate for his loss of 1,900 Spanish reals. The first-signed governor had already relieved him of the 8 percent he would normally owe from the lease payment. Since this proposal would not harm the Company and the regents would likely agree, they requested approval.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3651 / 0021
On
Saturday, 22 January 1622, the Council discussed several matters. On
16 December of the previous year, His Honor had asked the Council to consider whether it would be wise to enter into peace negotiations with the king of
Makassar, or whether there were important reasons why it would be better to delay such negotiations.
After meeting again, the Council agreed with His Honor that further peace negotiations should be delayed because the people of
Makassar had not yet been brought to a position where advantageous conditions could be made with them. The following reasons were given:
- First, they would not want to stop trading with the Moluccas, Amboina, Banda, and the surrounding islands, or accept only such conditions as the Dutch would allow them. Otherwise, the Company would suffer more harm and damage than the benefit that could be gained from Makassar.
- Second, the people of Makassar would not want to forbid the people of Malacca and others under Dutch flags from trading freely with Dutch lands.
- Third, they could hardly be brought to stop trading with Malacca and other enemy lands and to conduct their trade only at Batavia or other licensed places. With time and good help, they would eventually be forced to do this, especially if the Dutch kept the waters of Malacca blockaded, cut off their trade to the Moluccas, Amboina, and Banda, kept Chinese junks away from Makassar, and drew all trade to Batavia.
It was also decided to speak with the representatives of the English Company about the
Makassar matter and to show them what benefits both companies would gain if the Dutch continued the war with
Makassar and, under this arrangement, secured free trade for the English in the
Moluccas,
Amboina,
Banda, and surrounding islands. They would also show what benefits the English Company would gain regarding the purchase of rice and other necessities in
Makassar, and on the other hand, what damage and harm the Dutch Company alone was bearing, both through continuing the war and through trade in rice and supplies from
Makassar, which was as important to the Dutch as to the English and had also been offered by the king.
According to a resolution of the Council of Defense dated
22 May 1620, which was considered to serve both companies and was therefore approved, the Dutch Company would continue the war with
Makassar and
Mataram, provided that the Dutch Company would receive half of the trade and profits that the English Company obtained from
Makassar and
Mataram to compensate for the costs of the war. However, this had not yet been followed or implemented.
The Council therefore decided that, as compensation for these costs and their own deprivation, and in accordance with all fairness and the strength of the aforementioned resolution, they would claim half of the profits from the rice that the English would buy from
Makassar and sell in the
Moluccas,
Amboina, and
Banda. If the English would not agree to this, the Dutch would offer to contribute an equal quantity of rice from their own supplies to match what the English brought in from
Makassar, so that the profits and losses would be shared equally.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 1075 / 0341
On
Thursday the 10th of February 1633, a meeting took place to discuss intercepting ships from
Macassar and
Mataram that would depart from
Malacca at the end of the monsoon season. This information had been obtained from captured letters seized in a prize ship conquered by Governor
Marten Isbrantsen. The council decided to send out ships to the waterway near and around
Rimata under the command of Commander
Claes Jansen Bruijn. The expedition would consist of:
- The ship Jacoter Zeeburgh, manned with 45 sailors and 15 soldiers
- The ship Broeckerhaeven, manned with 45 sailors and 15 soldiers
- Two suitable rowing sloops
- One of the yachts Sonsburgh or Sloterdijck, to be sent a day later, manned with 35 sailors
All vessels would be provisioned for 2 months and given appropriate directions, orders and instructions. The council hoped that opportunities would arise to damage the enemy and capture booty. However, if this mission failed, the ships would also carry a small cargo intended for
Rimata and
Biliton to bring back a good supply of hatchets and parangs (large knives), which were needed and useful for trade with
Timor. The resolution was signed by
Henrick Brouwer,
Pieter Vlack,
Marten Isbrantsz, and
Joan van der Burch.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 1108 / 0068
A letter
dated 22 February 1783 reported on various goods held in storage in the Dutch East Indies. The inventory included:
- 43,916 cans of coconut oil
- 1,200 cans of petroleum
- 11,037½ pieces of beams of various types
- Various types of lumber that had been purchased and were still in storage, including:
- 2,376 pieces of panjang limas beams
- 1,681 pieces of panjang tigas beams
- 225 pieces of glondong beams
- 200 windbooms (a type of beam)
- 150 boat knees
- 75 mill planks of 1 to 1½ decimeter
- 7,400 cut planks
- 350 sawn ribs
- Various types and sizes of planks from Tinkam (2,220 large, 720 medium, 8,849 small)
- 28,900 Chinese planks
- 2,760 house planks
- 9,500 barrel staves
- 300 planks 18 to 20 feet long
- Various other timber pieces including swalpens, riemhouten, vellingen, blocks, pike poles, and small house beams
The writers stated they would use all these materials to fulfill the request that the High Authorities would make that year.
The letter also discussed rice supplies. According to records
dated late January, the remaining stock of rice at various trading posts along
Java amounted to 3,493⅓ coijangs (a unit of measure). The writers believed they could supply the main settlement early with a good quantity if 6 ships were sent to collect it. They requested that first 2 ships be sent as soon as possible to the eastern corner, specifically to
Surabaya and
Gresik, to arrive before the eastern monsoon season and load rice. They also requested that the trading posts of
Tegal and
Pekalongan each be provided with one ship for this purpose.
Regarding a separate matter, an invoice
dated 25 October 1782 from the main settlement had charged them for 39 pieces of mill planks and 630 barrel planks that were found to be missing from the
Japara and
Semarang timber rafts numbers 1 and 4 when they arrived in
Batavia in
September. The commanders of those rafts,
Anthonij Blievier and
Lucas Sijbrands, had been charged with capital advances against their wages of 236 guilders 2 stuivers and 374 guilders 5 stuivers respectively. However, sworn statements from sailors
Franscisco Astanjol,
Lourens Zonstrom,
Jacobus de Meij, and
Matthijs Klein were being submitted, though the text cuts off before explaining the content of these statements.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3651 / 0019
On
22 February 1783, a report was submitted regarding responses that had been received and were still expected to come in. The explanation for the delay in accountability was excused, as the authorities were asked to review the accompanying report.
Because they did not have enough supplies themselves, they could not provide the still needed 200 picols of bar iron and 176 picols of nails. Therefore, they gave permission to the Resident of
Rembang, based on his proposal and offer sent in an extract of his letter, to purchase these items privately at the recently quoted prices of 14 guilders 17 stuivers 8 penningen for iron and 16 guilders per picol for nails. They also ordered him to ensure that the small ship would be completed quickly to prevent the wood from rotting, so that the keel could be sent to the main station at the same time as the two chaloupes requested for
Ceylon.
The answered demands for products and other items that were requested from
Java's northeast coast in 1782 and were either fulfilled or not fulfilled during that year were presented. This included a report showing which products the respective regents and heads had delivered to the Company, either free of charge or for payment, in fulfillment of their obligations, as well as what was still remaining at this coast and what still needed to come in during the present year 1783.
From this report it was noted that the following items were delivered in fulfillment of the fixed contingents:
- 5,380 coijangs rice
- 170 coijangs green catjang
- 352 picols cotton yarn in various types
- 5,325 picols indigo
- 37,000 kannen coconut oil
- 800 kannen earth oil
- 9,800 beams in various types
- 3,806 beams above the contingent with an increase of 50 percent above the set prices
- 1 pantjallang beam
Still remaining at the respective offices ready for shipment were:
- 3,493 2/3 coijangs rice
- 120 3/8 coijangs catjang
- 138 picols cotton yarn
- 6,916 kannen coconut oil
- 400 kannen earth oil
- 5,237 1/2 beams in various types
The contingents that were to come in during 1783 consisted of:
- 5,380 coijangs rice
- 170 coijangs catjang
- 376 picols cotton yarn
- 78 picols indigo
- 37,000 kannen coconut oil
- 800 kannen earth oil
- 9,800 beams in various types
- 1 pantjallang beam
Therefore, if everything came in and was paid for, the following amounts would be shipped in 1783 after deducting what was needed for household use and for the service of the shipyards and mills on
Java, both in rice and woodwork:
- 8,373 2/3 coijangs rice
- 290 3/8 coijangs catjang
- 514 2/5 picols cotton yarn
- 78 picols indigo
- 43,916 kannen (the text ends here)
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3651 / 0017
On
22 February 1783, several ships transported goods, but some items were not loaded. The unloaded cargo included:
- 200 pieces of large Tinkam planks
- 200 pieces of Panjanglimas
- 200 pieces of Moolen planks of 1 inch
- 100 pieces of ¾ inch planks
- 100 pieces of Tanjong beams
- 50 pieces of joists of 2 to 3 inches
- 10 pieces of beams, 28 to 30 feet long and 10 inches thick
The authorities could not transport these items. According to statements, the ships only carried Company goods and their permitted cargo. Commissioners in
Grissee reported finding the ships fully loaded with rice in the hold, salt, oil, woodwork, and water casks between decks. Documents were submitted showing the shipped cash and goods totaled 25,310 guilders and 21,244 guilders 12 stuivers 8 penningen respectively. This included rice and bean rations for the ship crews for 8 months.
Four native Pantjallangs returned because they could not continue their voyage to the south coast of
Java due to strong currents and high seas in the
Sunda Strait. Two of these vessels from
Madura arrived in
Rembang on
22 February 1783. The ammunition and other goods were unloaded and sent to
Surabaya for further accounting, as these small vessels belonged in the Eastern Corner region. A request was made that these goods be credited.
Two Madurese Lieutenants named
Sara Tota and
Salam, along with a sergeant, a corporal, and 9 common soldiers (instead of 11) arrived with the Pantjallangs. They had recently returned from
Ceylon to
Batavia on the ship Overduin. Following orders, they were discharged from the Company's service and sent to
Madura.
The
Rembang Resident
Willem Adriaan Palm sent a report dated
28 January from shipyard supervisor
Horning. A ship ordered to be built on
12 December 1780 based on the design of the Orangeboom had been on the stocks since
March 1781. It had been under construction for a year, built up to the double hull, but roughly two-thirds of the needed iron and nails were still missing. The supervisor requested these materials, warning that without them the ship, exposed to wind and rain, risked rotting at the seams and internal timbers due to water damage.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3651 / 0015
- On 11 January, the officials had sent a letter to the Governor General and Council.
- Between 3 January and 14 January, they received several letters from His Excellency Willem Arnold Alting, Governor General, and the Council of Dutch India.
- The officials were satisfied with the quick loading and dispatching of ships that had collected products from Java in the previous year and returned to the main settlement.
- They were pleased with the placement of enough Javanese sailors on these ships from time to time.
- They promised to continue this practice according to the High Excellency's wishes.
- They planned to encourage some Javanese sailors to sail to Ceylon, as had happened the previous year with the ships Bothland and Overduin.
- They expected similar success with ships that would be sent to collect rice for that government, with a departure date of 22 February 1783.
- The example of good treatment by captain Meijer of the ship Overduin would encourage some sailors to volunteer.
- His Excellency was also pleased with the shipment from Grissee to the main settlement of 9,122 cans of coconut oil on a rented boat.
- Officials in Surabaya would be informed and ordered to make use of such opportunities as much as possible.
- According to reports from the Surabaya officials, the ships Azia and De Vriendschap had undertaken the journey from the eastern corner to Banda on 16 January and 21 January respectively.
- These ships transported from Samarang, Surabaya, and Grissee the following cash, products, and goods: the Azia carried 3,500 ducatons, 400 bags of rice, 3 bags of salt, 400 cans of peanut oil, 2,000 cans of coconut oil, 500 pounds of tamarind, 100 pieces of small planks from Tinkam, 50 pieces of winch beams, 50 pieces of house beams, 2,000 barrel planks, 100 pairs of shoes, 70 pieces of Javanese sole leather, and 150 pieces of mill planks of 2 inches thick; the De Vriendschap carried 3,500 ducatons, 300 bags of rice, 3 bags of salt, 400 cans of peanut oil, 2,000 cans of coconut oil, 500 pounds of tamarind, and 225 pieces of various goods.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3651 / 0013
- On 15 February 1778 in Samarang, Klotz and Dragoon Bout were given two native attendants, and a report would follow soon containing the truth.
- A letter was written by Johannes Robbert van der Burgh, governor and director of Java's North-East coast, to the chief merchant and First Resident at Djocpo Carta Jan Matthijs van Rhijn, dated Samarang 23 January 1778.
- The letter referred to an earlier letter from 19 January and stated that the sending of the sultan's court people and trusted persons to the Regent of Grobogan to get information about Pangerang Rongo would have as little effect as all previous promises.
- This Regent, with or without knowledge of his court, was the very person who hid Pangerang Rongo and supported him with his followers, and would not lack new inventions to delay and mislead the messengers and meanwhile hide Rongo and his people so they would not find him where they were brought to search for him.
- Because it was beyond dispute that Pangerang Rongo with his sons and other followers stayed on the sultan's territory and was hidden and maintained by the Regent of Grobogan, the writer forbade further missions together with messengers from the sultan or the ruler.
- Instead, the enclosed copy of the latest letter to the sultan regarding newly received reports about Rongo and others, being 2 copies of Javanese letters and a report (with Dutch translations included), should be presented to the ruler as further proof that the fugitives found shelter under him and were maintained, and delivery should be demanded further.
- The writer regretted his discussions and considerations about Pangerang Rongo had to be seen. Upon delivering letters from Their High Nobilities, he had fulfilled his task regarding the mentioned fugitive by presenting it to the ruler in terms of emphasis and clearly explained the orders, and required the effect of His Highness's placed orders to apprehend Pangerang Rongo according to the intention, with a letter to the ruler of which a copy was enclosed.
- However uncertain the reports from there were considered, the more the writer tried to make the ruler and ministers honor the incoming ones, but as long as His Highness and his ministers remained convinced.
- An extract of a separate letter was written by chief merchant and first Resident at Djokjo Carta Jan Matthijs van Rhijn to Johannes Robbert van der Burgh, governor and director of Java's North-East coast, dated 27 January 1770 (location Samarang 15 February 1778 regarding Pangerang).
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3528 / 0353
On 15 February 1778 in Samarang, a report was sent with attached letters containing information about pangerang Rongo and where he had last stayed in the Grobogangsche area. However, because it was certain that people were hiding him and supporting him, and they were moving him from place to place from time to time, the authorities were advised not to focus on one forest or village. They were especially warned not to send pointless missions to such places, as these were seen as excuses to win time and hide him somewhere else. Instead, they should generally insist that since Rongo and his followers were on the Sultan's territory (no matter where exactly), he should be captured and returned to the Company, from which he had secretly deserted.
An extract from a separate letter was included, written by the chief merchant and first resident at Djoejo Carta, Jan Matthijs van Rhijn, to Iohannes Robbert van der Burgh, Governor and Director of Java's northeast coast, dated 18 January 1778.
The administrator Danoeridja received requests that pangerang Rongo, who was being hidden in the Grobogangsche district by the Sultan's regent there, should be searched for, taken into custody, and delivered by His Highness to the Company. The prince decided to send messengers from his palace staff, while also including a trusted person to find out whether pangerang Rongo was indeed staying in Grobogangsche, as had been reported in copies of reports and letters. A Javanese-speaking corporal named Klots was then assigned to this task.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3528 / 0352
On
15 February 1778, a letter was sent from
Samarang. The letter discussed a report from the regents of
Damak and from demang
Ongo Wridjoijo about a fugitive who might be in the territory of
Grobogang or hiding in the village of
Pagadangang. This information needed confirmation. The fugitive, a pangerang (prince), was known from previous troubles to hide in the wilderness. Both the emperor and the sultan had tried unsuccessfully to persuade him to surrender when the sultan was still fighting against the Company. The fugitive had hiding places in the wilderness that were very difficult to find. Since people were now searching hard for him, he would certainly not stay in any village belonging to the sultan.
There was doubt whether 2 or 3 people would have enough courage to find him in these areas, where there were so many rebels (called Campakkers) that if all of them from both Company and princely lands were counted together, they would be nearly 300 men strong with guns. Time would tell if this fugitive would get help from them. There were rumors that the kraman (official) of
Gagatan,
Merto Iudo, was already with the fugitive.
Raden Depattij Danoeridja wanted to send another mission under the supervision of a trusted person. For this purpose, one of the most trusted officers would be commanded, accompanied by attendants, to find out whether the mentioned
Rongo was staying in the territory of
Grobogang and whether he was being attacked by regent
Sasra Nagarra or not.
On
19 January 1778, a letter was written from
Samarang by
Johannes Robbert van der Burgh, Governor and Director of
Java's northeast coast, to
Jan Matthijs van Rhijn, chief merchant and first resident at
Djokjo Carta. The letter stated that all assurances and promises about pangerang
Rongo and his sons had come to nothing. The reports, especially the last one sent on
5 January, lacked any appearance of truth or certainty and deserved no consideration. In contrast,
van der Burgh knew for certain that these fugitives had been hiding and finding shelter in
Grobogangsche for about 2 months. He was informing the sultan about this matter himself and sending him letters and reports as proof. He repeatedly ordered that letters from Their High Mightinesses and from himself, along with gifts, should be delivered, and that they should strongly and verbally demand the surrender of pangerang
Rongo and his companions. They should make clear that any further excuses would be seen as a complete refusal, and it would be assumed that the
Mattaram court had bad intentions with these fugitives who were guilty of murder and manslaughter and had done more harm. Therefore, they would be forced to take all possible precautions against this.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3528 / 0350
Johannes Robbert van der Burgh, Governor and Director of Java's Northeast coast, wrote to the merchant and first Resident at Djoedjocarta, Jan Matthijs van Rhijn, on 9 January 1778. He found the statements of the Regent of Grobogan, Radeen Tommongong Sasra Nagarra, and the report of the messengers Bappa Ratti and others about pangerang Rongo and his sons not believable but suspicious. The report only contained what the Regent claimed and what the messengers had heard from his trusted people, without investigating themselves or going to the forest Partappan and the village Dawan to get information from pangerang Rongo in person.
Van der Burgh believed that after receiving the letter from the Demak Regents and the report of the Demang Ongowidjoijo and others, which stated that pangerang Rongo and his people were hiding in the Grobogan village Pagadangang, Van Rhijn should make further requests to capture and hand over this wanderer with his sons to the Company. If the ministers did not listen, he should approach the ruler directly with reliable reports. He should make clear that if there were more excuses or refusals, they would think the Mataram court had bad intentions with pangerang Rongo, and necessary measures would have to be taken. Van der Burgh was certain that pangerang Rongo would not find support from the Surakarta court and that pangerang Aria Amidjoijo would not dare to advise him. The rumors that Radeen Soemo Judo had joined Rongo gave more harmful suspicion towards the Mataram court than towards pangerang Aria Amidjoijo, because this Radeen belonged to Djogocarta and not to Surakarta, according to what was said there.
In a separate letter dated 12 January 1778, the merchant and first Resident at Djogocarta, Jan Matthijs van Rhijn, wrote to Governor and Director Johannes Robbert van der Burgh about the remarks regarding the report about pangerang Rongo.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3528 / 0348
Wieria Coesoema, who had left the area, went to Surakarta to join the party of a pangerang (prince). He was handed over to the government official Sasradiningrat, who reported this and asked that Wieria Coesoema be collected. On the previous Sunday, when it became known that this Radeen (nobleman) was being held there, the government official immediately sent messengers to fetch him.
In a letter dated 22 December 1777, Johannes Robbert van der Burgh, governor and director of Java's northeast coast, wrote to Jan Matthijs van Rhijn, chief merchant and first resident at Djokjokarta. The regent of Grobogan reported that pangerang Rongo was not in his district. The regent did not mention Rongo's sons or whether these troublemakers had been in his area or where they had fled. The handing over of Radeen Wieria Coesoema was seen as new proof of the usual cooperativeness of the Solo court.
In another letter dated 5 January 1778, Jan Matthijs van Rhijn from Djokjokarta wrote to Johannes Robbert van der Burgh in Samarang. His messengers had returned from Grobogan with a report. Pangerang Rongo could easily remain hidden because of the season and his location. He could retreat into forests and wilderness areas where he had prepared 2 or 3 places. He was said to be staying in the forest of Partappan, near the village of Jawan, which belonged to Surakarta. He was waiting for a chance to launch an attack with some dissatisfied people or their followers, which would equal or surpass the one at Gagatan. There were rumors that a Radeen Submo Judo, who had left the Surakarta court, was meeting regularly with the fugitive prince. It was remarkable that this fugitive, who was said to have about 100 men with him, could stay away so long in forests where it would be difficult to find food for that many people without help from nearby residents.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3528 / 0346
On
15 February 1778 in
Samarang,
Johannes Robbert van der Burgh, governor and director of Java's northeast coast, reported that messengers had been sent to the regents of
Djiepang and
Grobogang to search for
pangerang Rongo. He stated that
pangerang Rongo would likely not try to hide in the sultan's lands but would flee elsewhere. He confirmed that
Sasra Nagarra in
Grobogang would not dare to act against the issued order and would work to ensure the fleeing prince found no hiding place near his district.
In a separate letter dated
9 December 1777 from
Samarang,
van der Burgh wrote to
Jan Matthijs van Rhijn, chief merchant and first resident at
Djokjocarta. He stated he was relying on
van Rhijn's assurance that the sultan was willing to arrest
pangerang Rongo and his sons, who were staying in the sultan's lands, and hand them over to the Company. He enclosed a copy of a letter and report in Javanese and Dutch stating that
pangerang Rongo and others were staying in the
Grobogangsche area, so that the prince and his ministers could be informed and reminded of their promise.
On
15 February 1778 in
Samarang, an extract was made of a letter from
Jan Matthijs van Rhijn at
Djokjo Carta to
van der Burgh, dated
13 December 1777.
Van Rhijn confirmed he had received
van der Burgh's letter of
9 December with the enclosed copy and translation of the Javanese letter and report. He immediately sent an express messenger with copies to the
Grobegangsche regent to avoid wasting time, and would report to the prince as instructed. The
Grobogang regent replied that
pangerang Rongo was not staying in his district.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3528 / 0344
Johannes Robbert van der Burgh, governor and director of Java's northeast coast, wrote a letter from Samarang on Tuesday, 10 February 1778. He sent greetings with heartfelt feelings to His Majesty and Prince Adipattij Anom, as did his wife, the Ratoe.
In a separate letter dated 29 November 1777, Van der Burgh wrote from Samarang to Jan Matthijs van Rhijn, chief merchant and first resident at Djokje Carta. He discussed the death of the sultan's kintjono and the escape from the court of Mattaram of Radeen Wiero Coessoemo, son of the deceased prince Silarong. Van der Burgh stated that if Wiero Coessoemo had fled through the eastern districts toward the east corner, he would immediately give the necessary orders to search for him on the Company's territory, arrest him if discovered, and send him back. He assured that Van Rhijn could tell the prince or his ministers that if they revealed where Radeen Wiero Coessoemo was staying on the sultan's own territory, he would make every possible effort to return him to Djoejo, trusting that the Mattaram court would act the same way.
On 15 February 1778 from Samarang, Van der Burgh wrote about Prince Rongo from the village Djadjar in the Damako region. Rongo and his two sons, Radeen Soerjo Koessoemo and Adij Coessoemo, had secretly left the Company's territory and refused to obey orders to return. The sons were accused of committing much robbery and of leading the gang that recently looted the toll gate at Caijoo-maas. According to an enclosed report, they were currently hiding in the Goenong Balemboangan forest, which was under Djoepo Carta, and the regent of Grobogan had called them to come and live in the village Sambak.
In reply, Jan Matthijs van Rhijn wrote from DjokjoCarta on 4 December 1777 to Van der Burgh. He respectfully responded to Van der Burgh's letters of 29 past month and 2 of this month. He had informed the court of this matter and was assured that if Wierio Coessoema appeared on the Company's territory, he would be sent back. The prince, being obligated, had given the necessary orders to arrest Prince Rongo and his 2 sons if they came into his lands.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3528 / 0342
A letter was sent from
Samarang on
Tuesday 10 February 1778 by
Johannes Robbert van der Burgh, Governor and Director of Java's northeast coast, to the sultan
Amingkoeboeana at
Djokjo Carta.
Van der Burgh confirmed he received the sultan's letter dated
1 Moecharam in the year Bo 1704 (which corresponds to
30 January 1778). He wrote that he understood why the
Grobogan regent
Radeen Tommongong Sasra Nagarra had given shelter and support in the sultan's land to
pangerang Rongo from
djadjar along with his sons and family. However,
Van der Burgh questioned whether protecting these disobedient subjects and criminals against the Company was in line with the treaties that had been sworn between the Company and the sultan. He asked whether this matched the goodwill that the Governor General and the Council of the Indies had always shown to the sultan and his son
pangerang Adipattij Anom Mangcoenagara. He left it to the sultan to judge whether a regent could act as
Radeen Tommongong Sasra Nagarra had done in this matter.
Van der Burgh pointed out that although
Rongo had first taken refuge with
pangerang Traboe Amidjoijo, this did not give
Sasra Nagara the right to shelter him afterwards. Instead,
Sasra Nagara should have encouraged
Rongo's capture and surrender. The sultan must have known that when the ruler
soesoehoenang was informed of this and threatened
pangerang Traboe with severe punishment,
Rongo was lured by
Sasra Nagarra and took refuge in
grobogang. He was taken in there before the sultan gave orders to arrest him, and was still being supported even after those orders were given.
Van der Burgh noted that if one of the Company's subordinate regents dared to act against his commands and openly disobey his orders, that person would certainly not go unpunished. He stated he had always had much respect and friendship for the sultan and his beloved son.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3528 / 0340
Rango and his sons were captured and handed over to the Company.
I. R. van der Burgh sent greetings to the Prince and pangerang Adipattij Anom Mancoenagara, as did his wife, the Ratoe, wishing them God's blessings. This was written in Samarang on Monday 19 January 1778.
A translation of a Javanese letter written by Sultan Amingkborana to the Governor and Director of Java's North-East coast, Johannes Robbert van den Burgh, was received in Samarang on 4 February 1778.
The Sultan wrote that he had received the Governor's letter. He understood that the Governor could not fulfill his earlier request to the Company's Governor General and Council of the Indies. However, the Sultan was pleased with the answer he received and grateful for the mourning gift sent to him. He also thanked the Governor General, the Council of the Indies, and the Governor for allowing the repair of 40 of his broken muskets for payment.
The Governor had informed the Sultan about the bad behavior of pangerang Rongo's sons in Djadjar, including murder and highway robbery. They were also suspected of plotting to destroy the toll gate at Kajoewaas in the Sultan's district. When the Governor summoned them, they fled with their father. They had been on the run for 2 months.
When the Sultan first heard from adipattij Danoeridja about this escape, he was very surprised. He thought they might invade lands and cause trouble for the Company. He was especially shocked that a priest would behave so badly. The Sultan immediately ordered Radeen Adipattij Danoeridja to send messengers with written warnings to Tommongong Sasra Nagarna in Grobogan and to the Padjangse and Soekowattische regions to arrest pangerang Rongo and his sons if they appeared there.
Shortly after, an old subject of pangerang Lraboe Amidjoijo named Kerto Mengollo came to Danoeridja asking for employment. He told many stories which were written down and given to the Sultan to read. These stories so troubled the Sultan's heart that he lost his enthusiasm to search seriously for pangerang Rongo and his companions, because it seemed certain to him that someone had incited them to their actions.
Radeen Adipattij Danoeridja and the Chief, as well as the Grobogan regent, strongly urged the Sultan to have the fugitives arrested. The regent would have done this forcefully, just as the Sultan would have, but seeing the Sultan's hesitation, he did not proceed.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3528 / 0338
Rango and his sons were captured and handed over to the Dutch East India Company. On Monday 19 January 1778, a letter was written in Samarang in which I.R. van der Burgh and his wife sent warm greetings to the Sultan and wished them God's blessing.
A translation of a Javanese letter was received on 4 February 1778 in Samarang by Governor and Director Johannes Robbert van den Burgh. The letter was written by Sultan Aming koe bocana. In the letter, the Sultan stated that he had received the earlier letter. He noted that his previous request to the Company and the Governor-General and Council of the Indies had not been granted, but he was satisfied with the answer he received from them. He expressed his great gratitude to the Governor-General and the Council of the Indies for sending him a mourning gift. He also thanked his brother for allowing him to repair 40 of his broken rifles for payment.
The Sultan was informed about the bad behavior of the sons of pangerang Rongo from Djadjar. They had committed murder and highway robbery. They were suspected of being behind a plot involving the toll gate at kajoemaas in his district. When they were summoned, they and their father had fled 2 months earlier.
When the Sultan first heard from adipattij Danoeridja about this flight, he was very surprised. He thought they might want to invade lands and cause trouble for the Company. He was especially shocked that a priest would behave so inappropriately. He immediately ordered Radeen Adipattij Danoeridja to send messengers with written warnings to Tommongong Sasra Nagarna in Grobogan, and to padjang and Soekowatti to capture pangerang Rongo and his sons if they appeared there.
Shortly after, an old subject of pangerang Lraboe Amidjoijo named kerto Mengollo came to Danoeridja asking for work. He told many stories which were written down and given to the Sultan to read. This made the Sultan's heart troubled, and he lost his enthusiasm to make special efforts to find pangerang Rongo and his group, because it seemed certain to him that someone had incited them to this behavior.
Radeen Adipattij Danoeridja and the chief official urged the Sultan and the Grobogan regent to have the fugitives captured. The regent would have done so with force, just like the Sultan, but seeing the Sultan's reluctance, he did not act.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3528 / 0336
- A Dutch official wrote to someone of high rank (referred to as "Your Highness") on 15 February 1718 from Samarang.
- The official stated he could not yet provide an answer to a request made long ago to the Company and to the Governor General and Council of Netherlands India in Batavia.
- He believed his earlier response, already sent to "Your Highness," would have satisfied the authorities in Batavia.
- The official expressed that if the request were granted, "Your Highness" would have to recognize in conscience that the Company was not treating its friends and allies according to justice and fairness.
- He emphasized that the Company and the Governor General and Council always tried to demonstrate justice and fairness in all their dealings.
- The official stated they had always shown this to "Your Highness" and were willing to continue proving it to the sultan and his beloved son Pangerang Adipattij Anom Mancoenagara, as long as fairness was not violated by their side.
- As proof of sincere affection and unchanging friendship, the official sent along with this letter a condolence letter and mourning gift from the authorities regarding the death of "Your Highness's" wife, De Ratoe Kantjono.
- At a brother's request, the official agreed to have 40 completely unusable muskets repaired at cost, as long as they were still capable of being restored.
- In another letter also dated 15 February 1778 from Samarang, the official informed "Your Majesty" about 2 sons of Pangerang Rongo, named Adie Coessoemo and Soerjo Coessoemo.
- These 2 men were guilty of several murders and highway robberies and had been leaders of a plot that some time before had robbed and burned the toll gate at Cajoemaas on "Your Highness's" territory.
- When summoned to Samarang by the official, they and their father had fled from the village of Djadjar, which the Company had given them as a safe residence.
- The official had reliable information, supported by enclosed letters and reports, that these disobedient men had been hiding for over 2 months in "Your Highness's" territory of Grobogang.
- Radeen Tommongong Sasra Nagarra had recently placed and hidden them in the forest of Galagah-ombo, located south of the rice-planted village of Bandoeng and west of the village of Tjoeroug.
- This location was approximately 1.5 hours' walk from the village of Katoeng and 6 hours south of the fort at Grobogan.
- The official stated he trusted that "Your Highness," as a loyal and honest ally, would not permit any disobedient subjects of the Company, especially not murderers, highway robbers, and thieves, to find shelter in his lands.
- He believed "Your Highness" would certainly not protect such bad people against the Company.
- The official considered it necessary to inform "Your Highness" of this behavior by the regent of Grobogan, which violated the treaties, in order to preserve friendship and peace for the land and people and to maintain "Your Highness's" name and reputation.
- He requested "Your Highness" to issue orders regarding Pangerang Rongo.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3528 / 0334
J. H. van der Burgh wrote from Samarang on 15 February 1778. He reported that bad weather had washed away and destroyed crops, but now that the weather had calmed down, everyone was busy plowing, sowing, and planting again. He said a good harvest was still possible, as long as the heavy rains were not quickly followed by a long drought. In that unwanted case, he asked permission to close the export of rice to the other side in time. He signed as a very obedient and humble servant.
A copy of a Javanese letter was received in Samarang on 15 January 1778. It was from Sultan Amingkubuwana to Johannes Robbert van der Burgh, Governor and Director of Java's Northeast coast. The Sultan wrote that he had not yet received answers to his earlier requests to the Company, to his grandfather the Governor General and the Noble Lords of the Council of the Dutch East Indies, and to Brother, which had been a long time ago. He was very eager to receive these answers. He and Pangerang Adipati Anom Mankunagara sent Brother their heartfelt greetings. Umbok Ratu did the same to Brother's wife. They wished God's precious blessings and all salvation and prosperity on earth. The letter was written in Djokjo Carta on Monday 12 January 1778 and was translated by C. P. Boltje.
A copy of a letter written by Johannes Robbert van der Burgh, Governor and Director of Java's Northeast coast, to Sultan Amingkubuwana in Djocjo Carta was mentioned, dated Samarang on Monday 19 January 1778.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3528 / 0332
The writer requested help from the High Nobles to assist Macassar in the spring with 4 companies. He asked to be provided with unnecessary weapons for those warriors and some sea captains familiar with the waterway there. He also requested permission to hire private vessels, with a set payment for a boat or sloop that could transport one company. He promised to do his utmost to meet the objective, although little progress had been made until that day.
The districts of Malang and Antang were becoming less populated over time because:
- it was difficult for the small community to fulfill the quota
- it was even harder to carry the rice from the mountains along difficult roads to Passourouang
- the Regent Tommongong Carta Nagara did not seem well-liked there
- he had no means to help the common people
- he had to take everything from them instead
In a letter to the authority in Samarang on 15 February 1778, the Commander van der Niepoort requested either his dismissal or a reduction of his quota, which was only 10 Coijangs and had only been delivered by him for 2 years. The writer respectfully proposed to the High Nobles to dismiss Carta Nagara so he could settle in Sourabaija. In his place, Pandje Codo Wanning Pattij, second son of the old first Regent of Sourabaija Tjondro Nogorro, should be appointed as Regent of Malang and Antang with the title of Tommongong and a name he would choose. It was expected he would work harder to improve these 2 small regencies and had more means to do so. Because of his connection to Sourabaija, he would likely attract and keep more people, especially if the High Nobles allowed the rice quota to be paid in cash for at least the first 10 years at the regular price of 15 Rijksdaalders per Coijang.
The rice harvest had suffered greatly from almost a month of continuous rough and harsh weather, as wind and rain prevented the farmers from working and constant floods washed away the newly sown seed.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3528 / 0330
On
15 February 1778, troops departed from
Samarang to
Celebes. The departure details were:
- On 21 January, 624 men left using the regent's own boats and borrowed vessels
- The Madurese troops numbered 624 men, making a total of 1,204 men according to the original plan
- Half traveled on the ship Hoorn, the rest used boats from the prince and two boats from the Captain of the Chinese in Samarang and Soerabaja
The writer hoped these troops had arrived safely at
Macassar and would provide the expected services to the Company.
Regarding the request to recruit 2 companies of
Balinese soldiers, the writer explained he did not know how to fulfill this because:
- Very few true-born Balinese lived in the area or the eastern corner and were difficult to find
- He hesitated to use his authority to negotiate with the Balinese princes because some princes were currently at war with each other
- It was uncertain whether the princes would be willing to allow recruitment, and a refusal would be problematic
- Even if they agreed, getting authorization would take much time
- Transport from Bali to Macassar would be very difficult
- Seeking help there might make some princes aware of the Company's weakness and encourage them to cause new problems in Balemboan or elsewhere
Therefore, the writer had not yet approached
Bali. He asked for forgiveness if he had acted against their intentions. Instead, he had ordered the panembahang of
Madura and the pangerang of
Sumenap to each prepare 2 more companies of 250 men, totaling 500 warriors. They had accepted and promised to do this. The writer would ensure these new auxiliary troops would be ready between mid and late
March. They could then be quickly transported to
Macassar if the headquarters could send a couple of empty ships at that time, which could still make one more trip to
Macassar and return to
Java by late
April with the seasonal wind change.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3528 / 0328
The text describes how
Rongo immediately left the emperor's territory after something happened. He wandered around for several days with only his own followers until the Regent of
Grobogan persuaded him, along with his sons and family, to come to him. The regent offered
Rongo a hiding place and permission to stay within the sultan's territory.
The sultan and his suspicious chief administrator
Danoeridja claimed they did not want to know about this. The chief
van Rhijn allowed himself to be delayed by giving preference to their assurances. He sent messengers multiple times, even through the Regent of
Grobogan himself, to places where
Rongo had been but was no longer present.
The writer sent 10 letters and reports to the sultan, both directly and through the mentioned chief. These letters proved that people knew where
Rongo was and who was supporting him. In his letter, the sultan used some invented exceptions and pretexts to explain why he had not captured the fugitives. It was certain that the sultan only gave the order to capture them (which he claimed to have given) after
Rongo and his companions were already safely hidden in
Grobogan.
The writer suspected that the
Mataram court was keeping
Rongo hidden to take revenge through him when the opportunity arose for what had been forced upon them at
Gagatan in the previous year. Therefore, the writer kept a watchful eye everywhere on the Company's territory.
The chief
van Stralendorf, who had been there a few days earlier and had given many assurances about the good intentions of the
Surakarta court, was used by the writer to strengthen the emperor's intention to also keep good guards and troops ready to repel anyone who dared to undertake something harmful. As long as the sultan knew this was happening, the writer believed it was not likely that he would undertake anything significant.
The writer referred to a copy of his letter to the sultan about
Rongo and his sons from
the 10th of the month. He also referred to enclosures E and F containing his correspondence about these wanderers with the
Djokjakarta chief
van Rhijn.
Regarding the native auxiliary troops for
Makassar, the writer could report that the warriors from
Sumanap numbered 580 men.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3528 / 0326
An unnamed Dutch official wrote from Samarang on 15 February 1778. He explained that he had sent letters (marked A, B, and C) about Pangerang Rongo, a religious leader who was one of the Cramans. In 1761, Rongo had stirred up the districts of Pattij, Tjinkelsewoe, and surrounding areas. After that, he stayed in Damak in the village of Djadjar, but in the previous autumn he moved away with his family to the Sultan's district of Grobogang.
The reason for this move was that in Damak, many murders, robberies, and thefts had been committed for over a year without catching the criminals. Eventually, it was discovered that Rongo's sons, Radeen Soerjo Coessoemo and Adij Coessoemo, were involved in these crimes and were actually leaders of a small criminal group.
The official ordered the regents of Damak to capture both Radeens through some friendly pretense and to arrest several other suspicious people. However, the regents made the orders public but failed to carry them out. For this failure, they were later fined 1,000 Rijxdaalders by the Council. Because the regents gave Rongo time and opportunity, he was able to hide his sons and leave Djadjar and Company territory with his entire family.
He first went to the village of Pagak in Soekowati, which was under Pangerang Praboe Amidjoijo, the oldest son of Pangerang Aria Mancoenagara and son-in-law of the Emperor. Nearly a month later, after being informed through a follow-up request by the regents, the official demanded that the court of Soerakarta hand over Rongo and his people. The Emperor immediately ordered his son-in-law Prince Praboe not to give them shelter, threatening severe punishment. The Emperor also commanded that they be arrested immediately and sent a military unit for this purpose. However, Rongo learned about this.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3528 / 0324
- On 15 February 1778, a letter was written from Samarang to Rlnter de Klerk, the Governor General, and the Council members of the Dutch East Indies.
- The writer referred to his earlier letter from 13 January (sent in duplicate) and confirmed receiving secret letters from 8 January, which arrived on 14 January via the ship De Nagulboom that was heading to Amboina.
- The writer thanked the authorities for orders regarding the Sultan's succession in case of his death and for military support consisting of 2 corporals and 44 common soldiers. Of these soldiers, 25 arrived on De Nagulboom and the remaining 21 were delivered by the Macassar citizen Brugman at Japara.
- The writer promised to follow the orders exactly as written if necessary and confirmed he had read a secret resolution from 27 November 1772 that was sent to him in copy. He sealed it again and had it recorded in a political council resolution on 27 January that such a sealed package was in his possession.
- The writer had already informed the authorities in his letter of 13 January about the Sultan's recovery. The Sultan had thanked them for the mourning gift that was last sent.
- The writer reported that the Sultan had fully recovered, appeared in public again, and was handling the affairs of his kingdom as before.
- However, the Sultan's aggressive nature had not stopped, and his unforgiving hatred against Pangerang Aria Mancoenagarra continued, as shown in a letter the writer was enclosing for the authorities.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3528 / 0322
Kade, a Makassarese captain, was mentioned as someone who would be very useful. The writer stated he would arrange payment with him upon arrival. The letter was signed by R.t I=s van der Niepoort from Sourabaija on 31 December 1777.
A translation of a Javanese letter was received in Samarang on 11 January 1778. The letter was written by Sultan Amingkoeboeana to Johannes Robbert van der Burgh, who was Governor and Director of Java's Northeast coast. The Sultan wrote that 40 of his rifles were completely unusable. He asked his "brother" (a friendly term of address) to help get them repaired. He said he would gladly have Adipatti Danoeridja pay for the costs. If his request was approved, he would send the guns right away.
The Sultan and Pangerang Adipattij Anom Mangcoenagara sent their heartfelt greetings. The Ratoe (queen) joined them in sending greetings to the Governor's wife. They all wished that his health and prosperity would remain steady through God's blessing.
The letter was written in Djokjocarta on Monday 5 January 1778. It was translated by C: P: Boltje, translator, in Samarang on 13 January 1778.
View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 3528 / 0320
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