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• Jacob d'Oliveira, about 72 years old
• David Taares, about 62 years old
• Salomon de Olivarra, about 50 years old
• Isaack Navarro, about 43 years old
• Joseph Nahamas Toares, about 28 years old
• Manuel Nahamas Sornes, about 21 years old

On June 10, 1697, Constantia (widow of Nicolaes van der Guijsen) and Margarete van Lir (widow of Willem Vandenburgh) conducted business with Mr. Bartils. This took place in Amsterdam in the presence of witnesses Ab TLeenen and Samuel Romp.

On May 27, 1691, Dirck van der Groe, a notary, met with merchant Isaeck Navarro and Adolf Moses in response to a bill of exchange worth 3,000 guilders. Moses refused to accept the bill because Jonas David, who was responsible for the payment, had not yet paid the drawers.

On May 27, 1691, David Brij, a merchant planning to travel abroad, appointed his brother-in-law Isaack as his legal representative. This gave Isaack the power to:

• Handle all of Brij's business affairs
• Collect debts
• Buy and sell goods
• Accept or protest bills of exchange
• Manage bank accounts
• Appear in court if necessary
• Appeal court decisions

In 1691 and 1692, several business transactions and protests were recorded in Amsterdam. The documents describe multiple bills of exchange and trading disputes between merchants.

On July 20, 1691, Isaack Navanno, a merchant, requested acceptance of bills through Gaspar Schalckens. When Schalckens refused to accept them, a formal protest was filed.

Another transaction dated June 23, 1692 involved a bill of exchange for 500 guilders between Hende Berend and Thomas Marden, with Johan Christoff Daeijen as an intermediary.

On July 3, 1691, Isaack Navanno sought payment through Arent van Deurs for bills originally directed to Pieter Jessing Hansen of Bremen. This payment was also refused, leading to another protest.

The final document dated July 10, 1692 describes a trade dispute between Jean Thierin and Jacobus Schaght regarding a barrel of merchandise sold on May 16 for 28 guilders per hundred pounds, which had not been collected from the weighing house.

The legal proceedings were witnessed by several individuals including Jacobus Le Per, David des Pommare, and Gerrit van der Groe, with Dirck van der Groe serving as the notary for these documents.

On January 17, 1692, Harman van der Burgh, aged about 45 and living in Amsterdam, made a sworn statement at the request of merchant Adolf Visschen. He testified that at the beginning of April 1691, he had rented a garden to Willem de Rijck. The garden was located in the Groote Leijtse Dwars Straet. The rental agreement was for one year, from March 1, 1691 to March 1, 1692, for 50 guilders per year.

On January 22, 1691, at the request of merchant Isaack Navarra from Amsterdam, a notary visited merchant Nicolaes Spelman regarding a bill of exchange. Spelman refused to accept the bill, saying he would write his reasons to the drawer. The bill, dated December 29, 1691, was for 100 pounds sterling at an exchange rate of 35 shillings and 9 pence Flemish per pound sterling, payable to William or his order.

Witnesses to these proceedings included:

• Gerrit van der Groe
• Cornelis Sercksz
• David des Pommare
• Louis van der Groe

On June 12, 1683, in Amsterdam, Dirck van der Groe, a notary, was requested by merchant Isaac Navarro to witness a transaction with merchant Sardi. The matter concerned a bill of exchange directed to Billotti and Sardi.

Sardi refused to pay the bill, stating they did not recognize the signatures of those who drew the bill. The notary then formally protested this non-payment on behalf of Navarro, including all costs and interests incurred.

The bill originated from Danzig on May 24, 1687, for 1600 pounds Flemish, drawn by Brond or De Rrosenvoll, payable to Volcher Belhoff. It was addressed to Billott and Sardi in Amsterdam.

A second bill from Hamburg dated May 31, 1687, was signed by Walther Beckhoff, made payable to Jacob Abat. Later that day, merchant Jan Balde appeared before the notary and declared he would honor and pay the bills on behalf of Walther Beckhoff. This was witnessed by Jacobus van der Groe and David de Pommare.

On April 13, 1693, notary van der Groe and witnesses went to Amsterdam at the request of merchant Isaac Navarro to meet with merchant Dirck Rijck. They asked for immediate payment of a bill of exchange originally directed to the widow Borrekens and sons. Dirck Rijck responded that he believed the bill was already paid. The notary then formally protested this response and demanded compensation for all costs and damages.

The original bill of exchange was written in Cadiz on February 7, 1693. It was for 268 ducats at 125 guilders per ducat, payable in Amsterdam to Pedro d'Hailly. It was signed by von Gleiquel and Jarant, and accepted by Borrekens and Company at the house of Dirck Rijck.

The bill was later endorsed in Vlissingen on March 31 to be paid to Isaac Navarro or Isaac Lemach. Pieter Bailly signed as a witness, along with D. Pommare.

Several business transactions and legal documents were recorded in Amsterdam around 1691-1692. One document details a bill of exchange from Stockholm dated January 13, 1692, involving 400 riksdaler between Abel Reenstuma and Egrdius Dincier, with Pieter Van Halmael as addressee.

On February 5, a payment order was transferred to Geerhand Pincien. The document was witnessed by David des Pommare and Johannes Seullijn, and notarized by Dirck Vander Groe.

Another document from March 9 records that Isaack Navarro, a merchant in Amsterdam, gave power of attorney to his sister Rachel Navarro to:

• Make bank transfers on his behalf
• Sign bank documents
• Handle bills of exchange
• Collect debts
• Issue receipts

A third document dated March 10, 1691 describes a protest of non-acceptance of a bill of exchange. The merchants Ihuken and Blancken Hagen requested Dirck Vander Groe to seek acceptance of a bill from Daeiden and Gillis Dewille. The bill was not accepted, leading to a formal protest. This document originated from Reval on December 4, 1691.

On November 4, 1696, at 11 o'clock in the morning, Isaac Navarro, a merchant in the city of Amsterdam, made his last will and testament before notary Dirk van der Groe. He was bedridden but of sound mind.

He made the following bequests:

• 3,000 guilders each to Clara Coende, Hester Cohen, Rachel Cunso, Hester Cunso, and Judica Selles as dowry money, to be paid only when they marry
• 1,000 guilders each to Ab Machorre, Doctor Daniel Lemach, and Rouvas Faro for good services rendered

The remainder of his estate was to be divided equally between his mother Rifica Mararro and his sisters Hester Navarro and Rachel Navarro.

Later that day at 11 o'clock, Johannes van der Beerg, who was healthy and of sound mind, also appeared before notary Van der Groe to make his will, beginning with commending his soul to God Almighty and requesting a Christian burial.

On August 4, 1691, notary Dirck vander Groe in Amsterdam received a bill of exchange on behalf of merchant Paurens Johansen. The bill was directed to merchant Christoffel Pompeteler, who refused to accept it, stating he would write his reasons to the drawer. The original bill, dated July 1, 1691 from Bronthen, was for 150 Reichsthaler and was signed by Claes Poegtofe.

On August 6, 1691, the same notary acted on behalf of merchant Isaack Navarro regarding a bill directed to Francisco Strijker. The bill, dated May 1691 from Cadiz, was for 200 ducats and had been signed by Guillems Terrom. Strijker had accepted the bill but delayed payment, explaining he was waiting for provisions for payment which he expected to receive before the next Spanish mail day.

The bill was subsequently endorsed by several merchants:

• Jacobus Testa on July 23, 1691
• Jacobus Bertelsz
• Isaack Rodrigues da Costa
• Isaack Navarro

On August 6, 1691, notary Dirck vander Groe went to see merchant Francisco Sijker in Amsterdam at the request of merchant Isaack Navarro. The purpose was to demand payment for a bill of exchange. Sijker replied that he could not pay the bill that day because he was still waiting for provisions for payment, which he expected to receive before the next Spanish mail day. When received, he would notify the bill holder to collect the payment at the bank.

The notary formally protested the non-payment on behalf of his client, including all costs and damages. The original bill of exchange was written in Cadiz on May 21, 1691, for 200 ducats at 121 grains each. It was drawn by Guellelin Jerroni Faddres, payable to Jacobo Bertels, for the value received from Pedro van Dam. The bill was later endorsed on July 23, 1691 to Jaques Rodriques da Costa, then to Isacq Navarro.

This was witnessed by David de Pommare and Johannes Seullijn.

On July 23, 1691, Dirck van der Groe, a notary in Amsterdam, met with merchant Isaack Navarro to process a bill of exchange. The bill was directed to merchant Jan van de Velde. Van de Velde stated he would pay once the bank opened, as he had already written to them.

On the same day, Van der Groe also met with merchants Abraham and Isaack Italaender regarding another bill of exchange directed to merchant Christoffel Competellen. This bill was originally written in Dronthem on July 13, 1691 by Roelf Pietersz. Competellen refused to accept the bill, stating he would write his reasons to the drawer.

Both meetings were properly witnessed and documented. The first by David des Pommare and Gerrit van der Groe, and the second by Gerrit van der Groe and Pieter Schabaelje.

Several legal procedures were recorded in Amsterdam during December 1691 and December 1693. Here are the key events:

• A payment dispute involving a bill of exchange for 240 guilders was recorded on November 29, 1693. The bill was made payable to Jan Felleme in Amsterdam, with value received from Elisabeth Franckelijn.
• Francons Ardinoe (a broker) and Isaack Wijgenhaem (servant of Dr. Hermanus Vander Burgh) testified about goods from Moscow. They explained how the weight conversion between Russian and Dutch measurements had been miscalculated.
• Anneldonck Blocq and Jurgen Holham, merchants in Amsterdam, requested acceptance of a bill of exchange for 542 guilders from the widow Gruijsenbergh and Jacob Louno. The acceptance was refused.
• Jacob vander Merct, a merchant, requested acceptance of a bill of exchange from Melchior van Susteren, which was also refused.

All these events were witnessed and recorded by notary Dirck van der Groe with various witnesses present, including Gerrit van der Groe, Gijsbert Bruijn, and Johannes Seullijn.

• Managing money and property
• Appointing guarantors
• Representing interests in court
• Making arrests and seizing property
• Negotiating settlements

On July 31, 1726, siblings David Navama, Salomon Navamo, and Simcha Navaro (wife of David Abobe Cardose) appeared before notary Jan Snoek in Amsterdam. They were the sole universal heirs of their sisters Rachel and Ester Navarre, who had both been married to Jacob Nunes Almeida and had died in Suriname.

They appointed Abraham Mementon as their representative to collect their inheritance from David Uziel Cardose and Jacob Castieljo, who were the executors of Jacob Nunes Almeida's estate in Suriname. This included all claims based on their sisters' marriage contracts and other rights to the estate.

Their representative was authorized to:

• Demand an inventory and accounting of the estate
• Settle accounts
• Divide the inheritance
• Sell both movable and immovable property
• Transfer ownership
• Receive payments
• Issue receipts

The text describes the last will and testament of someone (likely a Jewish merchant) outlining inheritances in various currencies and locations. They leave the following to their brother Moses Gomes de Arango:

• Income from 1,800 ducats in Venice at 3%
• Interest from 720 ducats in Venice at 4%
• Interest from 1,000 guilders in Utrecht at 5%
• Income from 100 pounds sterling in London at 12%

The documents are held by Isaac Navarro and Alfonso Rodriguez. If Moses tries to sell or pledge these inheritances, they will go to the testator's sister and her children instead.

If Moses marries in a Jewish marriage and has legitimate children, the 1,800 and 720 ducats in Venice will pass to them when they come of age or marry. If he dies without children, these amounts go to his sister Hester Dafonseca and her children.

The testator promised 2,000 marks to their sister for her daughter Rica's marriage. If Rica dies before marrying in the Jewish tradition, this money goes to her siblings.

After all bequests are paid, Hester Dafonseca and Moses Gomes de Arango inherit equal halves of the remaining estate. 650 pounds in the Royal Bank of England should be sold to pay for the various bequests.

On January 1, 1692, several transactions and attestations took place in Amsterdam. Manuel Alas (about 60 years old) and Isaack Naparro (about 51 years old) testified about the heirs of Manuel Goenes da Silva. His heirs were:

• Josep Isaak
• Abraham Franco da Silva
• Rifica Franco Silva (married to Abraham Curiel)
• Hester Franco da Silva (unmarried)

The witnesses confirmed these were the only living children and rightful heirs of Manuel Goenes da Silva. They based their testimony on their long-standing daily relationship with the family.

On the same day, Jaspar Kerbij, acting on behalf of Catharina Burgers (widow of Sijbrant Abbema, who had been an Extraordinary Councilor of the Dutch Indies), acknowledged receiving 19,968 guilders from Isaack Massis, who represented Willem Harsinck, former president of Macassar. The payment consisted of:

• 16,020 guilders and 1 stuiver in cash
• A bond worth 1,000 guilders issued by the government in 's-Gravenhage on June 23, 1654
• Another bond worth 2,000 guilders

• Date: 1672
• Amount: 417 guilders
• From: David Abendana Mendes
• To: Isaac Navario

On September 1, 1679, before notary Dirck van der Groe and witnesses, two men of legal age, Michiel Norms and Abraham Arons, made a sworn statement. They testified on behalf of Elsje Abrahams, widow of Jacob Davidts, about their meeting with Isaac Navarro. The witnesses reported that Navarro had summoned Elsje to court regarding a debt of 810 guilders. During their conversation, Navarro assured them that he would not make any claims against her even if he won the court case. He promised to seek payment elsewhere and would even pay for any costs she might incur. He confirmed these promises with solemn oaths and handshakes. Based on these promises, the witnesses advised her not to oppose the case.

This statement was witnessed by Adriaen Danser and Jacobus van der Groe, and certified by notary Dirck van der Groe.

On February 16, 1683, Isaack Navarro, a merchant in Amsterdam, appeared before notary Dirck van der Groe about a bill of exchange directed to Cornelis van Rosendael in Amsterdam. Navarro had searched for van Rosendael at the stock exchange, through various private individuals, brokers, and post offices, but could not find him or anyone who knew where he lived. Since van Rosendael could not be found, the bill could not be accepted or paid.

Similarly, on the same day, merchants David and Salomon Lopes Henriques appeared before the notary about another bill of exchange for Cornelis van Rosendael. They too had searched extensively but could not locate him or anyone who knew him.

Both bills of exchange were written in Hamburg on January 30, 1683. The first bill was signed by David Schults and the second involved Moses and Jacob Abensuer. Jacobus van der Groe and Henricus de Bruyn served as witnesses in both cases.

On February 6, 1696, notary Dirck van der Groe handled a case in Amsterdam involving a bill of exchange. Isaac Navarro, a merchant, requested payment from Jean des Piute, who represented merchants Paul Marcet & Sons. The original bill was issued in Geneva on November 1695 for 1600 banco.

Jean des Piute stated that when shown the bill the previous Friday, he was willing to pay, but only if guaranteed the endorsements were valid. He noted that at the time of acceptance, there were two endorsements that weren't present before, and the payments were meant to go directly to specific people.

The bill passed through several hands via endorsements:

• From Jean Walles and Company (November 19, 1695)
• To Henri Solie
• To Jacob le Fort
• To Daniel van Heerbergen
• To Hendrick Ravesteijn the Younger (January 3, 1696)
• Finally to Isaac Navarro

The notary protested the non-payment and declared that all costs, damages, and interests would be claimed. The document was witnessed by Gereunad van Vliet and Otto Sument.

On August 11, 1669, notary Adriaen Lock visited merchant Isaac Navarro in Amsterdam. In the presence of witnesses, Lock went to merchant Lourens Wollers to request immediate payment of an original bill of exchange. Wollers had previously accepted this bill but now refused to pay it due to lack of funds. As notary, Lock formally protested this non-payment in front of witnesses Benjamin Venkel and Dirck Touw.

The bill of exchange in question was originally issued in Hamburg on April 23, 1669, for an amount of 1000 Reichsdalers at 50 stuivers banco, with a payment term of three months.

On August 31, 1668, Pieter Isaack Navarro, about 30 years old and living in the city, appeared before notary Adriaen Lock. He made a formal statement at the request of Sara Raland, wife of Pieter Walichson. He declared that in October 1667, following orders from Jacob de Puto, he paid 1,143 guilders and 16 stuivers in bank money to Aron Gabbaij Faro. This payment was made in current money including bank fees, according to the assignment that Raland's husband made to Jacob de Pouto on October 1, 1667. Navarro could verify this because he was the cashier for Jacob de Pinto and found this recorded in his books. The statement was made in Amsterdam in the presence of witnesses Derck vander Grie and Benjamijn Venkel.

On January 8, 1655, several people testified before notary Adriaen Lock in Amsterdam. Josep Francis (40 years old), Jeronimo Nunes Navarro (about 51 years old), and David Corres testified about currency exchange rates between Brazil and the Netherlands in 1652 and 1653. They stated that there were losses of 32, 34, 36, and up to 40 percent when exchanging money.

On January 9, 1655, notary Adriaen Lock delivered a message to Cornelis Schaep, Willem vander Graef, and Jacob faes on behalf of Sijmon Corea. The message concerned two ships, the Diogo delondres and the St. Louijs, which had arrived carrying pastel (a dye). Corea had previously notified them through broker Isaack Rodriques Pascoal about the ships' arrival. He requested them to arrange for unloading the cargo according to their agreement.

The ships carried 800-1200 more bales than the buyers had ordered. According to their contract, the buyers could choose to either purchase the extra bales at the agreed price or leave them for Corea. He requested their answer within 24 hours, stating that no response would be taken as a rejection of the extra cargo.

On April 1, 1661, notary Adriaen Lock visited several merchants in Amsterdam at the request of merchant Jacob da Costa. He asked Thomas Zeuwen, Dirck van Huisberch, Dirck and Pieter Assenborch, William Davidson, David Cardosse, and Jan Taijspil to accept a bill of exchange.

The bill was originally written in Curacao on December 10, 1660 by Jeronimo Nunes Nauarro for 500 guilders, payable to Jacob da Costa on behalf of Isaack da Costa.

• Zeuwen and Huisberch refused, saying they had sold their share to Guiljelmo de Labistrate
• Assenborch, Davidson, and Cardose agreed to pay their portions
• Taijspil's servant said he would inform his master

On April 7, 1661, the notary visited Guiljelmo de Labistrate's house. His brother Louis de La Bistrate offered to pay with a 1% deduction in cash. The notary refused this offer since the bill needed to be paid through the bank.

On January 14, 1636, a dispute arose between merchants Jacob Navarro and Janso de Pris in Amsterdam. Isaack Navarro, acting on behalf of his brother Jacob Navarro, and Paulo de Pris agreed to resolve their differences through arbitration to avoid legal proceedings and costs.

The following people were chosen as arbitrators:

• Hillebrant den Otter van Vrijenes
• Andries de Beijser
• Gerrit Veen

The arbitrators were given authority to:

• Add up to 2 additional experts (legal scholars or merchants) to help resolve the dispute
• Make binding decisions that could not be appealed
• Issue rulings even if one party failed to appear

The parties agreed to a penalty system:

• 1 pound Flemish fine for missing the first meeting
• 2 pounds Flemish for missing the second meeting
• If missing the third meeting, arbitrators would rule based only on the attending party's evidence

Rodriguo Fernandes, father of Jacob Navarro, agreed to act as guarantor for his son's compliance with the arbitration decision. The agreement was witnessed by Jacobs Metth, Henrick Henricksz, and signed before notary Nicolaes in Amsterdam.