Transcriptions » Recently created summaries of historical documents

On May 19, the city's public fund (Burger Cassa) was found to be in debt. The fund was meant to cover costs like charity gifts for the care of the sick in the hospital, totaling 12 guilders and 9 stuivers.

The fund was so far behind that the executors of the estate of the late Burger Captain Feit Landouw formally requested on December 30 of the previous year that the city repay 319 guilders. This amount had been advanced by Captain Landouw to the fund during his lifetime, as proven by the attached accounts.

The city council decided that whoever took over Captain Landouw's duties—or the current leader of the city's militia—should repay the estate annually. The payments would continue until the full amount of 129 guilders was repaid.

• In 1721, church leaders decided to delay their planned visits to churches in the area around this province. They postponed these visits until d' Rousselet had improved his skills in the Malay language. They expected him to work hard and learn it well because of his dedication.
• On August 29, 1721, the church council (Kerkenraad) made some new appointments:
  • Cornelis, a senior ship officer and equipment supervisor, was chosen as an elder to replace Resident Mertsz, who had moved to Manado.
  • A surveyor was hired as a teacher.
  • Four local Christian teachers were hired to teach and support the growing number of free local Christians and those working under contract.
• The Kerkenraad also sent a formal request (through an official summary and resolution) to higher authorities, asking for financial support for church expenses.

In 1720, the church council requested funding from the Diaconal Treasury (a church charity fund) for two things:

• An organ for their newly completed church, measuring about 9 to 10 feet tall and 5 to 6 feet wide.
• A skilled organist to play it.

The cost was estimated at 17,206 guilders, 17 stuivers, and 8 pennies (rd‚s 17206: 17: 8). They also noted that Brother Deacons (church officials) had properly settled the public charity accounts on January 15, but the Diaconal Treasury still had a remaining debt of 2,832 guilders, 21 stuivers, and 4 pennies (rd‚s 2832: 21: 4). This debt came from building the church and extra payments for a poorhouse, leaving the total capital at 17,206 guilders, 17 stuivers, and 8 pennies.

The council also supported Captain van der Plas, a former citizen officer who had set up a lime kiln on the island. He wanted to burn lime and make bricks using materials from Norway (called Noorweegen in the text) and local firewood. The council saw this as a useful project for both the Dutch East India Company (Comp:) and the community.

The people of Tidore were not allowed to harvest tin on the island of Noorweegen (called Maijtarra by the locals). The King of Tidore was expected to give up his claim to the island, as it was deemed unnecessary for the Tidoreans and Ternatans to have the freedom to grow crops there. They could easily do so in many other places instead.

The Governor planned to persuade the King of Tidore to abandon his claim to this uninhabited island. Meanwhile, it was noted that both the Kings of Ternate and the Kings of Tidore historically claimed ownership of Maijtarra. However:

• The Kings of Ternate had old titles called Ngoffamanjiras for Maijtarra.
• The Kings of Tidore had no such titles.
• No strong proof supported either side’s ownership.
• The island was rarely visited by Ternatans but often by Tidoreans.

Because of this, the Governor considered the King of Ternate’s claim to be weak.

On 29 December 1784, officials recorded a remaining balance of 61 guilders and 42 stuivers to prevent the people of Tidore from rebelling, following agreements made with local rulers in 1783 under van der Plas. Permission was granted to build a lime kiln and related structures on the island.

To restore civilian leadership, Fiscal Jun and the authorities replaced Teit Landau, who had temporarily served as civilian captain, with George Fredrik Durx as fiscal. Feit Landouw, previously a captain-lieutenant, was promoted to captain and put in charge of the civilian corps.

Records from 29 December showed the civilian treasury still held 61 guilders and 43 stuivers at that time.

Additionally, the annual inspection of standard measures (weights, lengths, and volumes) took place on 17, 18, and 19 January as usual.

In this document, a letter was sent by heer Ardesch to the Resident of Nalavia (a colonial official), informing him that heer Ardesch would attend a meeting on Monday. The timing of the letter was unusual because:

• It was delivered late, at 11:00 PM one evening.
• It only reached the Resident the next morning at 7:00 AM.
• Just a few hours later, the contents of the letter had already spread through the palace.
• The news stirred up emotions among young people in the area.

A witness, M. G. A. M. E. Vestege, confirmed in a statement (attachment L. O) that:

• He had written the letter for heer Ardesch on Friday evening between 6:00 PM and 7:00 PM, dictating it in his room at the home of heer van Elk, where he lived.
• The next day, between 12:00 PM and 9:00 PM, he was at the office and was not surprised when a copy of the letter was read aloud to him and other young men by Aenkommis Landouw.
• Landouw claimed he had read and taken a copy of the letter from hommies Brouwex.

This report was sent to a high-ranking military official and details the health and population changes among workers, slaves, and soldiers at the Dutch East India Company (VOC)'s hospital in Ternate (a region in the Moluccas, modern-day Indonesia) over several months in 1783–1784.

The records track how many people entered the hospital, recovered, remained untreated, died, or were brought in already dead. The groups included:

• Military personnel (soldiers),
• Local sailors (working for the VOC),
• Artillery crews (cannon operators),
• Craftsmen (skilled workers),
• Local servants (Indonesian workers),
• Company-owned slaves (enslaved people owned by the VOC).

Key data points (numbers represent people):

• July 1783–June 1784:
  • Military: 5 entered, 2 recovered, 5 untreated, 3 died.
  • Local sailors: 18 entered, 8 recovered, 5 untreated, 1 died.
  • Craftsmen: 2 entered, 3 recovered, 3 untreated, none died.
  • Company-owned slaves: 2 entered, none recovered or died.
• July–August 1784:
  • Military: 5 entered, 2 recovered, 2 died.
  • Local sailors: 7 entered, 3 recovered, 2 died.
• September 1784:
  • 32 military entered, 36 recovered, none died.
  • 12 local sailors entered, 12 recovered.
  • 1 local servant entered, none recovered or died.
• October 1784:
  • 5 military entered, 2 recovered, 1 died.
  • 4 local sailors entered, 1 recovered, 1 died.
  • 1 craftsman entered, none recovered or died.
• November 1784:
  • 2 military entered, 1 recovered.
  • 10 local sailors entered, 7 recovered.
• December 1784:
  • 3 military entered, 1 recovered.
  • 16 local sailors entered, 6 recovered, 4 died.
  • 1 craftsman entered, none recovered or died.

The report ends with totals and is signed by Alexander Cornabé, the Governor and Director of the Moluccas for the VOC.

On 3 July 1732, in Amsterdam, two men named Adolph and Hend Rasch appeared before the notary Jan Barel, who was authorized by the Court of Holland. They officially appointed Fop van Arkel, who also lived in Amsterdam, to act on their behalf.

• Fop van Arkel was given the power to handle all their financial, legal, and business matters.
• He could represent them in court, both to make claims and to defend against them.
• He was authorized to appear before any courts, judges, or legal bodies.
• He had to follow all legal deadlines and formally respond to lawsuits.

• On 15 June 1647, a report was written by Eren Jansz Buijs, a junior merchant, addressed to the Governor-General and Council of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in Batavia.
• The document describes a voyage starting from Batavia on 6 December (year not specified) with three ships: the yacht Limmer, and the fluyt ships Patience and Noorderster.
• On 21 December, the ships anchored near Tannekeka (near Macassar, modern-day Makassar). Due to strong currents and winds, they expected delays before reaching Macassar.
• A merchant named Haverlant, who was severely ill, had left the fleet two days after departing from Kosti (likely a misspelling of Gowa, near Macassar) and returned to shore hoping to recover. Buijs and others continued to Macassar with the remaining ships.
• On 22 December, they arrived in Macassar and informed the king (Sultan of Gowa) and Prince Patingeloang (likely Pattimang, a local prince) about:
  • Two camels and other gifts sent by the Governor-General.
  • Two letters from the Governor-General.
• The king and prince allowed the Dutch to unload their cargo and trade under their protection. The camels and some goods were unloaded that evening.
• On 23 December, the fluyt Patience and yacht Limmer arrived safely at the VOC lodge in Macassar. The Patience later departed for the Moluccas on 24 December, and the Limmer left for Amboina (modern Ambon) on 28 December.
• On 31 December, the letters and gifts were formally presented to the king and prince in a ceremonial procession with music and singing, as per local customs. Buijs and assistant Cornelis Francx attended the event.
• The king and prince were pleased to hear that Cornelis van der Lijn had succeeded Anthonio van Diemen as Governor-General. They reaffirmed their friendship and existing trade agreements with the VOC and expressed a desire to expand them.
• The prince asked about rare goods (likely spices or luxury items) that had been promised earlier but had not yet arrived from Batavia. Buijs explained that these would be sent later, after the west monsoon season.
• The king and prince also asked why they had not been informed earlier about the Dutch capture of Capaha (likely a reference to a conflict or territorial change). Buijs explained that the crew of the fluyt Dolphijn had been tasked with delivering this news but only informed them after leaving Macassar.
• The document ends with a list of ships and their captains, including:
  • Riel Happert from Oost with the ship De Bucq.
  • James Gromen from Delft with the ship We Delft.
  • Dircq Jansz Steur from Delft with an unnamed ship.
  • Cles van der Veer from Campen with the ship Baert van Middelburg.
  • France Backer with the ship Ter Dam.
  • Ships named Indenbroecq, Galpoen (1635), Rijp (1643), Medelst Is (1647), Nieuva Sterdam, and Cappel (1640).

• A ship from Den Haag (called the Isterdam) reported on the situation of the Portuguese at Larantuka in 1647:
  • The Portuguese had received no ships or supplies from China that year and were suffering from severe food shortages.
  • Many people, including enslaved individuals, were dying of hunger.
  • The fortress at Larantuka was in the same condition as previously described in reports involving Bater Cabral.
  • The Dutch had 28 healthy soldiers at the post, while the Portuguese had plenty of sandalwood but no other goods due to the lack of ships from China.
• A debt issue was mentioned:
  • Francisco Fiero owed the Dutch East India Company (VOC) a sum of 1,573 real de a oito (a type of currency) for goods supplied by Commander van der Beecq in 1645.
  • Since Francisco Fiero's son was held on the outer coast of Timor, he was expected to deliver sandalwood to the Dutch as payment.
  • Francisco Fiero had enough sandalwood stored at Larantuka and had written to the Bater (a Portuguese official) to either confirm the debt or provide a receipt.
• The Portuguese were planning military moves:
  • They intended to sail to Timor with all their strength, likely targeting Kupang to build a fortress.
  • If the local people in Kupang were harassed further, they might fully side with the Portuguese unless the Dutch intervened.
  • A similar risk existed for Amabi (likely Ambon or a nearby region).
• The report was written at Fort Henricus on Solor on July 5, 1647, aboard the ship De Bucq, with crew from other ships including:
  • Dircq Jansz Steur from Delft (ship: T’ Gromen We).
  • Heijndrick Heijnder (ship: Me).
  • Assum Nicq (ship: Van Zeelt).
  • P. Francebacker (ship: Ter Dam).
  • Clles van der Veer (ship: Ge Baert).
  • Others from ships like Galsoen, Rijp, and Cappel, with years of service ranging from 1635 to 1647.

On June 1647, a letter was sent from Makassar (in the Dutch trading post) to respected and wise leaders, along with their entire family. The writer wished them good health and sent warm greetings from Acassar (likely Makassar).

• The letter was short because there wasn’t much news to share.
• The writer ended by saying they had nothing more to report from Makassar.

In this document from May 8, 1645, Captain Francisco Tiero admits to owing a debt of 1,573 and ¾ rijksdaalders (a type of currency) to the Honorable Directors of the United Dutch East India Company (VOC). This debt comes from goods delivered to him by Commander Willem van der Beeck for a voyage during the west monsoon season. The goods included 31 bahars and 77 catties (units of weight) of high-quality sandalwood, measured by Malay standards.

• Francisco Tiero agrees to repay the debt after the voyage, surrendering this original document (or a copy) once payment is made to the designated VOC representative at the castle in Ternate (or another authorized person).
• He pledges his current and future possessions—including houses, farms, ships, and enslaved people—as collateral for the debt.
• The document is signed in the presence of Shipper Heere Jacobs and Abraham de Graeff aboard the ship De Sijp, anchored off the coast of Tollor near Negerije Congnos.

• Debuco from Alkmaar (ship: Rijp, 1643)
• Happert from Oost (ship: Cappel, 1643)
• Unnamed sailor from 's-Gravenhage (ship: Ricq van Zeelst)
• Unnamed sailor from Amsterdam (ship: Meisterdam)
• Vrederb (ship: Amsterdam Medecis Craijers)
• Baert from Middelburg (ship: Galsoen)
• Claes van der Veer from Kampen (ship: Fransebacker)
• Unnamed sailor (ship: Indenbroecq)
• Unnamed sailor (ship: Delfft)
• Dircq Jans Steur from Delft (ship: Te Namen)

On 26 October 1635, Francisco Pinto, an envoy from the King of Jambi, arrived in Batavia with a letter from the king. He was to be formally welcomed the next day with a ceremony that included:

• 3 cannon shots from a large ship as he left the vessel,
• 3 more cannon shots on land,
• A military parade of 3 groups of soldiers from the Batavia Castle garrison.

The Receiver General, the Bailiff of Batavia, and the President of the Aldermen were assigned to escort Pinto ashore. Additionally, the yacht De Dalm, which was leaking badly and needed urgent repairs, was to be unloaded and brought to the shipyard at the river’s mouth as soon as possible.

On 27 October 1635, after reviewing Francisco Pinto's proposal, translating the King of Jambi's letter, and considering reports from Cornelis van Houten (the local Dutch leader in Jambi), the authorities decided:

• To send the return ship Nassau and the small warship Batavia back to Jambi as soon as possible.
• To grant the king’s urgent request for 1,000 pounds of gunpowder and 250 iron cannonballs.
• To politely refuse the request for cannons.
• To order the return ships Emilia and Nassau to leave Jambi by 1 and 10 December, respectively.
• To write a polite reply to the king in both Portuguese and Dutch, a task assigned to the Governor-General and Cornelis van Houten.

• Gebr. Meenken (entrepreneurs) lived at Westzijde 3b.
• P. Tilkema (entrepreneur) lived at Westzijde 6 and employed multiple young workers.
• T. Keijzer (entrepreneur) lived at Gedempte Gracht 19 and employed multiple young workers.
• Gebr. Bischof (entrepreneurs) lived at Stationsstraat 2, 4 and employed multiple young workers.
• An entrepreneur in the lingerie industry employed at least 1 young worker.

• The document lists workers in the wood products industry, including children.
• It records:
  • Joost Zeeman, an entrepreneur, living at Kattegatdwarsstraat 124, employing multiple workers.
  • K. Zaman, living at Oostzijde 375, employing:
    • 33 adult workers.
    • 2 child workers (aged 8 and 14).

• The document lists a person with the following details:
  • Age: 32
  • Occupation: Sawmill worker (literally "wood dust entrepreneur")
  • Residence: Westzijderdijk 90, Meerden, Westzijderveld
  • Household members: multiple ("several")
• The entry refers to an article (likely a legal or administrative rule) about youth ("jeugd").
• The person is associated with the organization: Association of Wessem ("Venn. v. Wessem").

• W. Nijzink, an entrepreneur, lived at Pieter Ghijsenlaan 5b and employed young workers.
• He worked for multiple employers, including Bruijnzeel in Oud Saenden.
• Another employer was C.J. van der Giesen, also in Oud Saenden, for multiple times (likely multiple contracts or periods).
• Additionally, he worked at the office of C. Bruijnzeel ZW.

This document is a record of people and goods transported, likely during the Dutch colonial period. It lists the following details:

• The group included:
  • Military roles:
    • 1 canoneer (gun crew member)
    • 1 Corporal Burgers
    • 1 Captain
    • 1 Ensign (junior officer carrying the flag)
    • 1 Sergeant
    • 1 Corporal Paulus
  • Other individuals:
    • 86 men
    • 60 married couples
    • 51 sons
    • 53 daughters
    • 65 children (likely under 3 years old)
    • 296 male slaves
    • 298 female slaves
• The total number of people in the field was 909.
• Heads of households or notable individuals listed by name:
  • Swerus gerterlijn
  • Huijs gezinnen Fijt
  • Landouw
  • Iohan Bendsnijder
  • Arij Caije
  • Andries van Wikleede
  • Reijnier Keijman
  • Gerrard Hendrik T goede
  • Ferdinandus Bukhuijsen
  • Andries Dyoennoeie
  • Willem Fredrik Jacob Seloij
  • Christoffel Bukhuijsen
  • Johannes Sigmon Resler
  • Anthonij D Rooij
  • Marcus Paijs
  • Martinus Melhop
  • Arij van der Velde
  • Jacob van Rhoon
  • Esbert Anthonij
  • Johan Christoffel Wemar
  • Barend van Essen
  • Johan Carel Hoest
  • Sem Djoermoedie
  • Johannes Seller
  • Gomes (likely a transporter)
• The document also includes a series of numbers that seem to represent quantities transported, possibly:
  • 24, 8, 16, 12, 11, 27, and 32 of unspecified items or groups.
  • Additional numbers (1s, 2s, 3s, and 4s) that may indicate counts of specific goods or categories per individual or household.
• Another set of numbers (38, 95) followed by "g" could refer to weights or other measurements.

• On 5 April 1636, officials referred to earlier decisions from 17 March 1520 and 15 April 1635 regarding the actions of Resident van Fagal (a local governor). They decided to approve and note the following:
• The actions of Resident van Fagal were reviewed, and he was instructed to provide documents when receiving a sum of 662.21 florins (recorded in the cash ledger).
• These documents must prove the income from sold goods and the expenses made, so they can be checked by the General Chamber of Accounts (a financial oversight body).
• A copy of this decision was sent to the Council of the Indies (a governing body) for information.
• Extracts (summaries) were provided to the Director-General of Finance, the General Chamber of Accounts, and Resident van Fagal for their records and follow-up.
• A letter from Resident van Menado (another local governor), dated 30 November (year not specified), was discussed. It included a request from Aleyandrina Theodora Magdalena Woedt, the wife of Theodorus Roelandt Landouw:
• She stated her husband left Menado for Fernate in October 1332 and had not been heard from since.
• She requested permission to manage her husband’s goods and to remarry if she chose.
• The High Court of Justice and the Prosecutor General reviewed the case, noting that disputes over property or related legal matters must be handled through standard legal processes.
• The request was denied, and Aleyandrina Theodora Magdalena Woedt was told to pursue her case through the usual legal channels.
• A copy of this decision was sent to the Council of the Indies, and summaries were provided to the High Court of Justice, Resident van Menado, and the requester for their records.
• A letter from the Minister of Colonies, dated 25 November (year not fully specified, possibly 1646), was mentioned, but no further details were provided in this text.

The text discusses concerns about leadership and succession in a historical Dutch context, likely referring to a colonial setting.

• The current ruler is described as old, around 75 years of age, and though still capable, his long-term survival is uncertain.
• His recognized successor by the Dutch Government is seen as problematic:
  • This successor, though having some claims to power, is not the strongest candidate.
  • Born on 3 May 1737, he is portrayed as someone who, based on his background, might become a harsh and divisive leader.
  • His upbringing and mixed heritage (his mother was from Lombok) could make him unpopular among the local population.
  • Despite lacking strong legal rights to rule, his potential influence—fueled by resentment and ambition—could destabilize the region.
• The situation raises worries about future instability in the Balinese royal house under Dutch oversight.

The text describes complaints about a ruler who introduced 34 new and burdensome taxes, causing unrest due to unfair and chaotic collection. His greed and lack of fairness worsened his reputation among the people, though he still had some support.
The ruler’s advisor, a man of questionable character, was disliked for his limited influence and involvement in corruption. His only positive contribution was organizing tax collection, but even that was flawed because:
A child born to a Muslim woman was secretly adopted by a Caratense woman named Duida Roelan. A Muslim scholar from the Broegere Saahelke family, acting as a guardian, named the child Abdulrahman (originally Abdullah), claiming the boy was his adopted nephew. This adoption happened about 10 years earlier, with approval from an Arab man.
The child was around 11 years old and was being prepared for a leadership role. He stayed with his Arab guardian, who fully controlled his upbringing. Though the crown prince had little direct involvement, this adoption gained favor among the Muslim population.
The text also mentions a Vira Agobag Baques Vlurangas, described as a good and useful successor to the previous leader, Vira Gajah Mada Ratu Harangurensah. Currently, this successor is imprisoned in the palace at Mataram.

On January 10, 1800, a formal interview was recorded by Frederik Andries Palmer van den Broek, a second-class Controller of Internal Affairs, with the temporary assistance of H.O. Kiesninck, an Acting Assistant Resident of Kembok. The person interviewed was named N. Toet Sidja, who was questioned about the involvement of Datoe Pangeran in hostile actions against Dutch-Indonesian government troops.

• N. Toet Sidja confirmed knowing Datoe Pangeran because he had been a follower of Datoe Pangeran's father, Anak Agung Made Karangasem.
• During the attack by government troops in Gjakranegara, Datoe Pangeran was present in the settlement (poeri) at that location.

The record was verified as a true copy by the Government Secretary on November 28, 1896, referencing an earlier report from 1895.

In 1711, a list recorded the names of individuals, their properties, and debts in a Dutch colony. The entries included:

• Matthie Talaboedie and I. H. Bax owed W. Seme and A. Zebl 50 guilders.
• Hatibie Goeroe (also called Hasan) owned two houses and land but owed Modub haohsman 388 guilders.
• David Brand owned one house, two enslaved people, and land but owed C. Hof and others 50 guilders.
• Simon Andries van Velsen owned a house and land but owed J. Theuporie, K. Koenes, and others 500 guilders.
• Hendrik Amelius de Chalmot owned four enslaved people but owed I. C. Setlig, C. van Dijk, and others 300 guilders.
• Willem Semet owned a house and six enslaved people but owed D. Brand, C. F. Knevel, and others 150 guilders.
• A house and land owned by Cristiaan Stax and A. van der Plas were linked to a debt of 7 guilders, while another house and land owed I. G. Vegele and D. van den Broek 500 guilders.
• Johan George Hekel owned land and four enslaved people but owed A. van der Has, C. Voges, and others 304 guilders.
• A lock (sluis) and land owed Louis Blaas, J. F. Rouch, E. Ledige, H. Bar, and J. Kerstoffel a total of 1100 guilders.
• Antonij van der Has owned 29 enslaved people, with a debt note of 4 percent interest to L. Posse.
• Jacob Eugenius Kruijk owned a house and land but owed T. C. Sotlig and others 808 guilders.
• F. Landouw and W. Semet owed 80 guilders.
• Carel de Graaff and W. Smit owned farmland but owed S. D. Smit and C. Zang 260 guilders, with an additional 30 guilders owed separately.
• Jan Matthijs owned one enslaved person and a house with land, linked to debts in Itjapk and Tientjeko totaling 900 guilders.
• Johan Pieter Eberhart owned a house and land but owed I. G. Wagnaar and D. van der 2080 guilders.
• Cristiaan Fredrik Schultz had no properties listed but owed Broek, G. J. Kutse, and H. A. de Chalmot 600 guilders.
• A house and land owed by Mano Arfa were linked to a debt of 80 guilders to P. Beems.
• Gerrit Hendrik de Goede owned a mill and two warehouses but owed E. Scheffer and H. A. Johnson 150 guilders.
• Jan Tak owned a rice field and land but owed N. van der Plas, F. B. Hemmekens, and F. L. Bossé a total of 1270 guilders.
• Cristiaan Adolfs owed J. V. Smit and I. P. Eberhard 180 guilders.
• Johan Ernst Goedheit owed money "per transport" (likely through a transfer or trade transaction) totaling 7010 guilders.

The total debts listed for transfer or transport amounted to 16,540 guilders.

• Two ships named Thonijs, with measurements: 58, 166, 72, 18, and 13.
• A small boat (schouw) and a longboat (schuijt) from the decommissioned ship Oosterstein, located in Tutucorijn and Chialoup D'Iohanna.
• Ships named:
  • Goede Hoop (58, 17, 8, 20, 8¼),
  • Peerl (46, 14, 5¾, 12, 4/12),
  • Boot (35, 9, 4, 6),
  • A rowing prow (roeij praeuw) (41, 6, 7, 6, 2, 9),
  • Four toll ships (Tollen) in Triconemale (60, 16, 3, 8, 25).
• Three chialoups (small vessels):
  • Landouw in Dwars indeweg (45, 14, 5, 21),
  • De Vrede (31, 6, 8, 2, 10, 18),
  • An unnamed chialoup (40, 10, 5, 6, 30).
• A Padij (small boat) in Patticaloa (3¼, 2½, 2½).
• Additional measurements for other unnamed vessels, including lengths, widths, and depths (e.g., 36, 14, 4, 6, 18, 6, 40, 9, 2½).

• On 4 March 1648, in Isenbrugh, Joost van der Vondel wrote a payment note (like a check) promising to pay Hermen tegendor a sum of 120 Rijksdaalders (each worth 50 stuivers) within 3 days of it being shown to him. This was signed and witnessed by Asonten Camer.
• On 7 April 1628, in Amsterdam, before notary Johan Berheij and witnesses Pieter Emalingh and Marcus Beijnoot, Albert Landouw from Bremen acknowledged a debt. He was preparing to sail as a boatman’s assistant on the ship Provincia van Iper to the West Indies.
• Albert Landouw admitted owing Pieter Petersz Slachter (or whoever held the note) 14 guilders (each guilder worth 20 stuivers) for borrowed money. He promised to repay this honestly from his first monthly wages or earnings during the voyage.
• He agreed that Pieter Petersz or the directors of the Dutch West India Company could collect the debt from his wages. A formal record was made and given to Pieter Petersz.