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Fully AI-GeneratedUsers of Open Archives can have summaries generated from the recognized texts (transcriptions) produced through text recognition (OCR) and handwriting recognition (HTR). Neither of these artificial intelligence tasks is perfect, but they are often more than sufficient to make the historical document understandable. In the transcripts, names are underlined in green and clickable (to search the personal entries on Open Archives for the name in question), the recognized dates have a light gray background and recognized place names have a light purple background. The results of the application of (European) artificial intelligence have not been verified by a human.


View transcript NL-AhGldA / 0168 / 2498 / 0298  


On 8 November 1848, a notary in Doesburg recorded a rental agreement involving several individuals. The following details were documented:

The agreement was signed in the office of the notary, Andries Gerhardus Velthuysen, in Doesburg, with Adriaan Joseph Sloot as a clerk witnessing the document. The total fees for the rental contracts, including taxes and additional costs, amounted to 4.26 guilders.

The document was officially registered in Doesburg on 10 November 1848 by the receiver Buijs, who confirmed the payment of 3.5 guilders in registration fees, plus an additional 0.76 guilders, totaling 4.26 guilders.

View transcript NL-AhGldA / 0168 / 2474 / 0082  


The document describes an auction of crops held at the home of Petrus Daurentuus Rieff in Dverborgt at de Kraak on an unspecified date. The crops were sold at the full risk and benefit of the buyers, who could not demand any discounts on the purchase price for any reason.

The total amount from the auction was 287.50 guilders. The auction was conducted publicly in the presence of Andries Gerhardus Welthuijsen, a city messenger, and Adriaan Joseph Sloot, a clerk, both residents of Dverborgt. They confirmed the process alongside a notary.

The document was registered in Dourburg on July 17, 1800. The cost of the sale included a registration fee of 3.20 guilders and additional taxes, bringing the total amount collected to 320 guilders.

View transcript NL-AhGldA / 0168 / 2475 / 0471  


On January 8, 1851, before Mr. Herman Willem van Westerbeeck van der Horst, judge of the canton of Doesborgh (including Errondersament Zutphen, Gelderland province), assisted by the clerk Richaid Jan Willem Cornelis de Nerée tot Bubberich, the following individuals appeared: They declared that they had been appointed as assessors (tax evaluators) for the honorable (local) council of Doesborgh.
View transcript NL-AhGldA / 0168 / 2477 / 0527  


On 16 November 1818, a marriage agreement was officially recorded by Adriaan Rudolph Willem Jan Ketjen, a public notary based in Doesburg, in the district of Zutphen, Gelderland. The agreement was made between two people:

The couple agreed to the following terms for their upcoming marriage:

View transcript NL-AhGldA / 0168 / 2475 / 0050  


On 24 July 1800, several land lease agreements were officially recorded in Loerborgh (likely Lobith or a nearby area) by notary Gerrit Jan Bloem and his assistant Hendrik Vervoort, both from Didam. The following leases were signed:

All the tenants were personally known to the notary. The document was signed in the presence of witnesses, but some tenants, including Arend ter Laak, Jan ter Zaak, and Arend ter Zaak, stated they could not sign because they were illiterate ("could not handle a pen"). The notary, witnesses, and the literate tenants signed instead.

The document was registered on 6 August 1800 in the regional records (volume 83, folio 40). A fee of 11 guilders and 30 cents, plus an additional 9 guilders and 29.5 cents (totaling 15 guilders, 59.5 cents), was paid to the tax collector Casteer for the registration.

The following witnesses and others present signed the document:

View transcript NL-AhGldA / 0168 / 2487 / 0214  


View transcript NL-AhGldA / 0168 / 2498 / 0297  


On 18 May 1849, at 3 PM, a legal inventory was conducted at the request of:

The process was overseen by Gerardus Bruens, a farmer from Baak (municipality of Heenderen), who acted as the supervisory guardian. He had been appointed by the district registrar in Doerborgh on 22 March 1848, following a family hearing recorded on 27 March 1848.

The inventory was carried out by notary Rudolph Willem Jan Ketjen of Doerborgh (under the Zutphen district, Gelderland province). Witnesses present were:

Both resided in Doerborgh.

The inventory took place at Antonius Arendsen’s home near the Ooipoort in Doerborgh, where his late wife had also lived and passed away on 5 October 1847. The purpose was to document the shared estate of Antonius and his deceased wife, with Antonius providing the details as the current holder of the estate. The focus was on assessing the value of movable (non-real estate) assets.

All actions were taken to protect the rights of involved parties, with standard legal reservations applied.

View transcript NL-AhGldA / 0168 / 2475 / 0023  


On 11 May 1449, M. John officially recorded the transfer of three enslaved women—Mawar, Camilla, and Pandan—who were owned by Bdanda in Batavia. The transfer happened without the usual fines, but only if:

A copy of this record was sent to:

On 14 May 1649, a report dated 15 December 1448 from M. d'Anjou, a resident of Rotterdam, was reviewed. Based on a notice from the Orphan Chamber of Balavea (3 May 1449), officials decided to write to the Minister of Colonies.

The letter, signed by:

View transcript NL-HaNA / 2.10.01 / 2718 / 0143  


On 14 May 1219, a record noted that the authorities in Dima would no longer receive certain past benefits, as confirmed by a letter from 9 November. The governor decided that previous interim payments to the Sultan of Odima would continue, but future use of these funds would be determined later by the governor, with government approval.

A copy of this decision was sent to the Council of the Indies for review and guidance, while the Secretary-General of Finance, the General Auditor, the Governor of Celebes, and other officials were informed for their records.

Another document from 11 May 1649 discussed a case involving Theodonis Landouw, who had sold three enslaved women—Mawar, Camilla, and Dandan (along with her deceased son, Hansworst)—to Monsieur John in Banda. The transfer was not properly recorded under the new owner’s name in Menado, as Landouw likely died during a voyage. The new owner, Monsieur John, took the enslaved individuals to Batavia with only a travel pass, and their registration was delayed there as well, along with the registration of one of their children. Because of these issues, required taxes were not paid.

The Director of Funds and Domains proposed resolving the matter without penalties, given the unusual circumstances, as long as the situation was corrected within 6 months of the government’s decision.

After reviewing advice from the Prosecutor General of the High Court of the Dutch Indies (20 April 1649) and the Council of the Indies (29 April 1649), it was approved that the enslaved individuals could still be registered in Batavia under Landouw's name, and subsequently under the name of the current owner.

View transcript NL-HaNA / 2.10.01 / 2718 / 0142  


On May 19, the city's public fund (Burger Cassa) was found to be in debt. The fund was meant to cover costs like charity gifts for the care of the sick in the hospital, totaling 12 guilders and 9 stuivers.

The fund was so far behind that the executors of the estate of the late Burger Captain Feit Landouw formally requested on December 30 of the previous year that the city repay 319 guilders. This amount had been advanced by Captain Landouw to the fund during his lifetime, as proven by the attached accounts.

The city council decided that whoever took over Captain Landouw's duties—or the current leader of the city's militia—should repay the estate annually. The payments would continue until the full amount of 129 guilders was repaid.

View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 8147 / 0188  


View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 8146 / 0242  


In 1720, the church council requested funding from the Diaconal Treasury (a church charity fund) for two things:

The cost was estimated at 17,206 guilders, 17 stuivers, and 8 pennies (rd‚s 17206: 17: 8). They also noted that Brother Deacons (church officials) had properly settled the public charity accounts on January 15, but the Diaconal Treasury still had a remaining debt of 2,832 guilders, 21 stuivers, and 4 pennies (rd‚s 2832: 21: 4). This debt came from building the church and extra payments for a poorhouse, leaving the total capital at 17,206 guilders, 17 stuivers, and 8 pennies.

The council also supported Captain van der Plas, a former citizen officer who had set up a lime kiln on the island. He wanted to burn lime and make bricks using materials from Norway (called Noorweegen in the text) and local firewood. The council saw this as a useful project for both the Dutch East India Company (Comp:) and the community.

View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 8146 / 0243  


The people of Tidore were not allowed to harvest tin on the island of Noorweegen (called Maijtarra by the locals). The King of Tidore was expected to give up his claim to the island, as it was deemed unnecessary for the Tidoreans and Ternatans to have the freedom to grow crops there. They could easily do so in many other places instead.

The Governor planned to persuade the King of Tidore to abandon his claim to this uninhabited island. Meanwhile, it was noted that both the Kings of Ternate and the Kings of Tidore historically claimed ownership of Maijtarra. However:

Because of this, the Governor considered the King of Ternate’s claim to be weak.

View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 8146 / 0244  


On 29 December 1784, officials recorded a remaining balance of 61 guilders and 42 stuivers to prevent the people of Tidore from rebelling, following agreements made with local rulers in 1783 under van der Plas. Permission was granted to build a lime kiln and related structures on the island.

To restore civilian leadership, Fiscal Jun and the authorities replaced Teit Landau, who had temporarily served as civilian captain, with George Fredrik Durx as fiscal. Feit Landouw, previously a captain-lieutenant, was promoted to captain and put in charge of the civilian corps.

Records from 29 December showed the civilian treasury still held 61 guilders and 43 stuivers at that time.

Additionally, the annual inspection of standard measures (weights, lengths, and volumes) took place on 17, 18, and 19 January as usual.

View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 8146 / 0245  


In this document, a letter was sent by heer Ardesch to the Resident of Nalavia (a colonial official), informing him that heer Ardesch would attend a meeting on Monday. The timing of the letter was unusual because:

A witness, M. G. A. M. E. Vestege, confirmed in a statement (attachment L. O) that:

View transcript NL-HaNA / 2.10.02 / 571 / 0350  


This report was sent to a high-ranking military official and details the health and population changes among workers, slaves, and soldiers at the Dutch East India Company (VOC)'s hospital in Ternate (a region in the Moluccas, modern-day Indonesia) over several months in 17831784.

The records track how many people entered the hospital, recovered, remained untreated, died, or were brought in already dead. The groups included:

Key data points (numbers represent people):

The report ends with totals and is signed by Alexander Cornabé, the Governor and Director of the Moluccas for the VOC.

View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 8146 / 0329  


On 3 July 1732, in Amsterdam, two men named Adolph and Hend Rasch appeared before the notary Jan Barel, who was authorized by the Court of Holland. They officially appointed Fop van Arkel, who also lived in Amsterdam, to act on their behalf.

View transcript NL-AsdSAA / 1510555 / 744  


View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 1166 / 0090  


View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 1166 / 0101  


On June 1647, a letter was sent from Makassar (in the Dutch trading post) to respected and wise leaders, along with their entire family. The writer wished them good health and sent warm greetings from Acassar (likely Makassar).

View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 1166 / 0098  


In this document from May 8, 1645, Captain Francisco Tiero admits to owing a debt of 1,573 and ¾ rijksdaalders (a type of currency) to the Honorable Directors of the United Dutch East India Company (VOC). This debt comes from goods delivered to him by Commander Willem van der Beeck for a voyage during the west monsoon season. The goods included 31 bahars and 77 catties (units of weight) of high-quality sandalwood, measured by Malay standards.

The document also lists the names of other sailors and ships involved in past voyages, including: The document concludes with a summary of Francisco Tiero's voyages between 1635 and 1647, noting his service on various ships, including the EncIIr and Gromen We.

View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 1166 / 0099  


On 26 October 1635, Francisco Pinto, an envoy from the King of Jambi, arrived in Batavia with a letter from the king. He was to be formally welcomed the next day with a ceremony that included:

The Receiver General, the Bailiff of Batavia, and the President of the Aldermen were assigned to escort Pinto ashore. Additionally, the yacht De Dalm, which was leaking badly and needed urgent repairs, was to be unloaded and brought to the shipyard at the river’s mouth as soon as possible.

On 27 October 1635, after reviewing Francisco Pinto's proposal, translating the King of Jambi's letter, and considering reports from Cornelis van Houten (the local Dutch leader in Jambi), the authorities decided:

View transcript NL-HaNA / 1.04.02 / 1116 / 0366  


View transcript NL-ZdGAZ / 3366701 / 74  


View transcript NL-ZdGAZ / 3366701 / 72  



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